Chapter 2 (Basic Components of Living Systems)

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

True or False: All living organisms are unicellular.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The ____ is the control center of a cell.

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

What are the two main types of cells?

Answer 4

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for energy production?

Answer 5

Mitochondria

Question 6

True or False: DNA is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 7

Protein synthesis

Question 8

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane? A) Phospholipids B) Proteins C) Nucleic acids D) Cholesterol

Answer 8

C) Nucleic acids

Question 9

What is the process by which cells take in nutrients called?

Answer 9

Endocytosis

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The ____ is a jelly-like substance within the cell.

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

What structure protects and gives shape to plant cells?

Answer 11

Cell wall

Question 12

True or False: All cells contain a nucleus.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 13

Regulating the entry and exit of substances

Question 14

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells? A) Membrane-bound organelles B) Nucleus C) Simple structure D) Complex structure

Answer 14

C) Simple structure

Question 15

What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The ____ stores genetic information in a cell.

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

Which organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?

Answer 17

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

Synthesis of proteins

Question 20

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of lysosomes? A) Energy production B) Digestion of waste C) Photosynthesis D) DNA replication

Answer 20

B) Digestion of waste

Question 21

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

True or False: Viruses are considered living organisms.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonds

Question 24

What are the four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms?

Answer 24

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 25

What is the main energy currency of the cell?

Answer 25

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The ____ regulates the cell's internal environment.

Answer 26

plasma membrane

Question 27

Which dyes stain cell components?

Answer 27

Crystal violet and methylene blue. These are positively charged, therefore attracted to negatively charged molecules in cytoplasm.

Question 28

Which dyes stain outside of cells?

Answer 28

Nigrosin and Congo red. These are negatively charged, so are repelled by the cytoplasm and keep the cells unstained.