Chapter 3 (Biological Molecules) Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the nucleotide base pairings?
Thymine + Adenine
Cytosine + Guanine
Which nucleotides are pyrimidines?
Pyrimidines are the nucleotides with only one carbon ring.
This group includes thymine and cytosine
Which nucleotides are purines?
Purines are the nucleotides with 2 carbon rings.
This group includes adenine and guanine.
In which direction does DNA polymerase travel in?
DNA polymerase only travels along the template strand in the 3’ to 5’ direction, which results in the lagging strand being replicated in sections called Okazaki fragments.
What is a polymer?
A polymer is a molecule made up of more than 2 monomers
What are reducing sugars?
Reducing sugars donate electrons to other molecules, reducing them
What part of a water molecule is slightly positive?
The hydrogens
What is a polar molecule?
A molecule which has slightly positive and slightly negative regions
How is water important for life?
Acts as a solvent- (Site for chemical reactions)
Cohesion and adhesion- (Transport medium)
Coolant- (Maintain constant temperature)
Stable- (Makes great habitats e.g. oceans, ice caps
What is the bond formed between monosaccharides?
Glycosidic bond
Which glucose molecule has alternating up and down hydroxyl groups on the 1 and 4 carbons?
Beta glucose
Why do beta glucose molecules need to flip to create cellulose?
So the hydroxyl groups line up and condensation can take place
What are the two polysaccharides which are known collectively as starch?
Amylose and amylopectin
What is a reducing sugar?
A sugar which can donate electrons to another molecule, such as copper ions in Benedict’s reagent
