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Chapter 2 bio Flashcards

0
Q

What are the four most common elements found in organisms

A

Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen

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1
Q

Identify the subatomic particles that make up atoms

A

atoms are made up of protons neutrons and electrons,
Proton positive
Neutron neutral
Electron negative

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2
Q

Define isotopes

A

Equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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3
Q

Compare and contrast covalent and ionic bonds

A

Ionic - forms through the electrical force between positively charged ions
Covalent bond – forms on atoms share a pair of electrons

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4
Q

Molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together representing the smallest fundamental unit of chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction

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5
Q

Why do compounds dissolve in water

A

Partially negative oxygen Atoms and water molecules attract the positively charged sodium ions

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6
Q

Compare and contrast cohesion and adhesion

A

Cohesion is the attraction among molecules of the same substance and adhesion is the attraction among molecules of different substances

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7
Q

Compare and contrast solutions and suspensions

A

A solution is a mixture of substances that is the same throughout
Hey suspension is when a mixture can be shooken for a long time and separated

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8
Q

Difference between acids and bases

A

Houses have a pH less than seven and and bases have a pitch more than seven and exact pH of seven is neutral

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9
Q

Construct a PH scale showing one acid, one base, and one neutral substance.

A

Lemon juice is acidic milk is neutral and ammonia is basic

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10
Q

Explain HONC

A

H stands for hydrogen oh stands for oxygen and stands for nitrogen and Seastans for carbon and in the order is the number of bonds

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11
Q

List the four major classes of macromolecules found in living things

A

The four major macromolecules are carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acid

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12
Q

Atom

A

Smallest basic unit of matter

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13
Q

Element

A

Is one particular type of Adam and I cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

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14
Q

Compound

A

A substance made up of Adams of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio example H2O

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15
Q

Ion

A

Is an atom that has gained or lost one or more elements and I on forms because an atom is more stable when it’s outermost energy level is full

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16
Q

Chemical bond

A

Interaction between electrons of different Atoms

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17
Q

Ionic bond

A

Electrons are transferred

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18
Q

Covalent bond

A

Electrons are shared

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19
Q

Molecule

A

Is two or more Adams held together by covalent bond in the compound carbon dioxide each. Oxygen Adam shirts two pairs of electrons for electrons with carbon bonds

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20
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Is an attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen Atom I was slightly negative Atom

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21
Q

Polar

A

Charges unevenly distributed due to the atoms having an unequal pull on the shared electrons

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22
Q

Cohesion

A

The attraction among molecules of the same substance

23
Q

Adhesion

A

Attraction my molecules of different substances

24
Q

Salute

A

Substance that dissolves in a solvent

25
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid part of your blood

26
Q

Acid

A

Compound that releases a proton the hydrogen ion H positive when it is dissolved in water

27
Q

Base

A

Compounds that remove H positive ions from solution

28
Q

Macromolecules

A

Are big

29
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge

30
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

is an electro state of attraction interaction between polar molecules in which hydrogen age is bound to highly electronegative Adam such as nitrogen oxygen or fluorine

31
Q

Endothermic

A

Chemical reaction absorbs more energy going to releases

32
Q

Exothermic

A

Reaction releases more energy than absorbs

33
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

34
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Is a chemistry involving carbon Atoms organic compounds and materials

35
Q

Lipid

A

A group of naturally occurring molecules that includes fats waxes sterile’s and fat-soluble vitamins

36
Q

Starch

A

Starch is a carbon hydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joint together but Bonds

37
Q

Nucleotide

A

Are organic molecules that serve as monomers for subunits or nucleic acid DNA and RNA

38
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Usually means the cleavage addition of water where component by sugar molecules

39
Q

Active site

A

Active site is a small port in and enzymes were substrate molecules by undergo a chemical reaction

40
Q

Atomic nucleus

A

Nucleus is a very dense region consisting of nucleons protons and neutrons at the center of an Adam almost all of the mass monogamous made up for the protons and neutrons in the nucleus with a very small contribution from the orbiting electrons

41
Q

Atomic number

A

is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom

42
Q

Molecule

A

Electrically neutral group of two or more Atoms held together by chemical bonds

43
Q

Ph

A

Measure of acidity or Basicity of the solution

44
Q

Enzyme

A

Are macromolecules that her biological catalysts

45
Q

Monomer

A

Is a molecule that may bind-chemically two molecules to form a polymer

46
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Polymeric macromolecules or large biological molecules a sensual for all known forms of life

47
Q

Polymer

A

Large molecule or macromolecule composed of many repeated subunits

48
Q

Orbital

A

The wave function of electrons in an atom or molecule

49
Q

Activation energy

A

Means the minimum amount of energy that must be put to a chemical system with potential reactance to cause a chemical reaction

50
Q

Active site

A

Is a small portion enzyme where subtract molecule binds and undergo a chemical reaction

51
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Carbohydrate is a large biological molecules or macromolecule consisting of carbon see hydrogen age oxygen Adams

52
Q

Polypeptide

A

A polypeptide is a long continuous and under branch peptide chain heads peptides fall under the broad chemical classe

53
Q

fatty acid

A

In chemistry particularly in biochemistry fatty acid is a carboxyl acid

54
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Remove to hydrogens and one oxygen replacing them with a long tail

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