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Biology > Chapter 2 (Bio Chem) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 (Bio Chem) Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What all life is made of

A

Matter

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2
Q

What matter is composed of

A

Elements

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3
Q

Smallest functional group of matter

A

Atoms

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4
Q

Made of 2 or more different elements

A

Compounds

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5
Q

Made of 2 or more bonded elements

A

Molecules

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6
Q

The 3 subatomic particles of atoms

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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7
Q
  • Subatomic particle that determines the element
  • Positive Charge (+)
  • Location: nucleus
A

Protons

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8
Q
  • Subatomic particle that determines isotope
  • Neutral (no charge)
  • Location: nucleus
A

Neutrons

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9
Q
  • Subatomic particle that determines the chemical behavior
  • Negative charge (-)
  • Location: orbitals
A

Electrons

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10
Q

In atoms, which subatomic particles are present in equal numbers, giving the atom no net charge

A

Protons and electrons

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11
Q

A different form of the same element that contains equal numbers of protons, but varying numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, thus giving different atomic masses/ still same chemical properties

A

Isotope

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12
Q

The number of protons

(on bottom)

A

Atomic number

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13
Q

Number of electrons in outer shell

(Horizontal)

A

Groups

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14
Q

Number of electron shells

(Vertical)

A

Periods

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15
Q

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

A

2

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16
Q

Electrons that are in the outer shell that are available to interact with other atoms

A

Valence electrons

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17
Q

What determines how an atom can bond with other atoms?

A

The status of the outer electron shell

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18
Q

What are the essential elements?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NItrogen

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19
Q

The number of protons + neutrons

(on top)

A

Atomic Mass

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20
Q

Properties of a compound/ can differ from the properties of the elements it is made of

A

Emergent properties

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21
Q

What holds atoms together to form a molecule

A

Chemical Bonds

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22
Q

Bond in which electrons are shared to fill valence shells

A

Covalent Bond

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23
Q

Bond in which electrons are transferred, forming ions that are attracted to each other

A

Ionic Bond

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24
Q

Bond in which a hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom from another molecule

A

Hydrogen Bond

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25
Strength of chemical bonds from strongest to weakest:
1. Covalent Bond 2. Ionic Bond 3. Hydrogen Bond 4. Hydrophobic interaction 5. Van der Waals attraction
26
When are atoms most stable?
When their outer electron shells are filled with electrons
27
One pair of electrons shared
Single Bond
28
2 pairs of electrons shared
Double Bond
29
Ability of the nucleus to attract electrons Some atoms are more of this than others
Electronegativity
30
Bond between atoms with different electronegativities
Polar Covalent Bond
31
Bond between atoms with similar electronegativities
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
32
An atom or molecule with charge
Ion
33
Ion with (+) charge Lost electrons
Cation
34
Ion with (-) charge Gained electrons
Anion
35
Bond in which a cation binds to an anion (+) attracted to (-)
Ionic Bond
36
Where are hydrogen bonds found?
DNA, Water
37
Matter
What all life is made of
38
Elements
What matter is composed of
39
Atoms
Smallest functional group of matter
40
Compounds
Made of 2 or more **different** elements
41
Molecules
Made of 2 or more **bonded** elements
42
Protons
* Subatomic particle that determines the element * Positive Charge (+) * Location: nucleus
43
Neutrons
* Subatomic particle that determines isotope * Neutral (no charge) * Location: nucleus
44
Electrons
* Subatomic particle that determines the chemical behavior * Negative charge (-) * Location: orbitals
45
Atomic number
The number of protons | (on bottom)
46
Groups
Number of electrons in outer shell | (Horizontal)
47
Periods
Number of electron shells | (Vertical)
48
Valence electrons
Electrons that are in the outer shell that are available to interact with other atoms
49
Atomic Mass
The number of protons + neutrons | (on top)
50
Emergent properties
Properties of a compound/ can differ from the properties of the elements it is made of
51
Chemical Bonds
What holds atoms together to form a molecule
52
Covalent Bond
Bond in which electrons are **shared** to fill valence shells
53
Ionic Bond
Bond in which electrons are **transferred,** forming ions that are *attracted* to each other
54
Hydrogen Bond
Bond in which a **hydrogen atom** from one polar molecule is attracted to an **electronegative atom** from another molecule
55
Single Bond
One pair of electrons shared
56
Double Bond
2 pairs of electrons shared
57
Electronegativity
Ability of the nucleus to attract electrons Some atoms are more of this than others
58
Polar Covalent Bond
Bond between atoms with different electronegativities
59
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
Bond between atoms with similar electronegativities
60
Ion
An atom or molecule with charge
61
Cation
Ion with (+) charge Lost electrons
62
Anion
Ion with (-) charge Gained electrons
63
Ionic Bond
Bond in which a cation binds to an anion (+) attracted to (-)

Biology (4 decks)

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