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Bio 19 > Chapter 2 Biochemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Biochemistry Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Polymer

A

macromolecules composed of many units bonded together called monomers

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2
Q

monomer

A

units that bond together to form polymers

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3
Q

macromolecule

A 
large biomolecules that include:
Carbohydrates
Proteins 
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
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4
Q

protien

A

Macromolecule and polymer with amino acid monomers.

Consists of an R group, an Amino group, and a Carboxylic Acid group

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5
Q

amino acid

A

the monomers that make up the polymer protein
About 20 different kinds
Essential - Must be obtained through nutrition
Non Essential - Made in body

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6
Q

polypeptide

A

polymer made up of amino acid monomers. (protein)

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7
Q

Denaturing of a protein

A

an external stress that causes the protein to lose its secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structures, and become the primary structure. This causes the protein to lose its function.

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8
Q

Primary structure of a protein

A

sequence of a chain of amino acids

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9
Q

Secondary structure of a protein

A

Can form a Helix or Pleated sheet
occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds

Looks like a zig zag

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10
Q

Tertiary structure of a protein

A

occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helixes and pleated sheets

Looks like a crumpled up chain

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11
Q

Quaternary structure of a protein

A

A protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

looks like many chains crumpled up together

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12
Q

Sources of protein

A

Animal sources
Meats

plant sources
Soy
Vegetables
Nuts

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13
Q

WHAT DEFINES THE FUNCTION OF A BIOMOLECULE

A

STRUCTURE

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14
Q

Functions of protien

A 
Structural support to cells
transporters 
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies for immune system
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15
Q

peptide bond

A

the bond between the amino acids of a polypeptide

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16
Q

R group

A

The group of an amino acid that is different in different types of amino acids the type of amino avid is defined by its R group

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17
Q

Carbohydrate

A

a macromolecule made of monosaccharide monomers

has 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen

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18
Q

monosaccharides

types?

A

The monomer of a polysaccharide / Carbohydrate
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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19
Q

disaccharides

types?

A

two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond
lactose (milk sugar)
sucrose (table sugar)

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20
Q

polysaccharide

A 
chain of monosaccharides
Carbohydrate
ex
Starch 
Fiber
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21
Q

starch

A

polysaccharide that can be digested by humans

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22
Q

Fiber

A

polysaccharide that can not be digested by humans

cellulose is fiber

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23
Q

Sources of Carbs

A

grains- Pasta and starches
fruit/vegetables
sugar candy

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24
Q

Function of carbs

A

provides quick energy
for plants storage and structure
main source of energy

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25
glycosidic linkages
the bonds between monosaccharides
26
Lipids
macromolecule that consists of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids
27
saturated fat
triglyceride solid at room temperature all single bonds in fatty acids (no kinks in chain) animal sources
28
unsaturated fat
liquid at room temperature double bonds in the fatty acids ( kink in chain makes it liquid) plant sources
29
Function of lipids
long term energy sources insulation waterproofing Hydrophobic
30
triglyceride
type of lipid | glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids
31
types of lipids
``` cholesterol Steroid waxes phospholipids triglycerides ```
32
nucleic acids
macromolecule that is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers
33
Function of Nucleic Acids
Store hereditary genetic info | directions to make proteins
34
Sources of nucleic acids
Dna | Rna
35
Functions of protien
``` Structural support to cells transporters Enzymes Hormones Antibodies for immune system ```
36
peptide bond
the bond between the amino acids of a polypeptide
37
R group
The group of an amino acid that is different in different types of amino acids the type of amino avid is defined by its R group
38
Carbohydrate
a macromolecule made of monosaccharide monomers | has 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen
39
monosaccharides | types?
The monomer of a polysaccharide / Carbohydrate Glucose Fructose Galactose
40
disaccharides | types?
two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond lactose (milk sugar) sucrose (table sugar)
41
polysaccharide
``` chain of monosaccharides Carbohydrate ex Starch Fiber ```
42
starch
polysaccharide that can be digested by humans
43
Fiber
polysaccharide that can not be digested by humans | cellulose is fiber
44
Sources of Carbs
grains- Pasta and starches fruit/vegetables sugar candy
45
Function of carbs
provides quick energy for plants storage and structure main source of energy
46
glycosidic linkages
the bonds between monosaccharides
47
Lipids
macromolecule that consists of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids
48
saturated fat
triglyceride solid at room temperature all single bonds in fatty acids (no kinks in chain) animal sources
49
unsaturated fat
liquid at room temperature double bonds in the fatty acids ( kink in chain makes it liquid) plant sources
50
Function of lipids
long term energy sources insulation waterproofing Hydrophobic
51
triglyceride
type of lipid | glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids
52
types of lipids
``` cholesterol Steroid waxes phospholipids triglycerides ```
53
nucleic acids
macromolecule that is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers
54
Function of Nucleic Acids
Store hereditary genetic info | directions to make proteins
55
Sources of nucleic acids
Dna | Rna
56
Functions of protien
``` Structural support to cells transporters Enzymes Hormones Antibodies for immune system ```
57
peptide bond
the bond between the amino acids of a polypeptide
58
R group
The group of an amino acid that is different in different types of amino acids the type of amino avid is defined by its R group
59
Carbohydrate
a macromolecule made of monosaccharide monomers | has 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen
60
monosaccharides | types?
The monomer of a polysaccharide / Carbohydrate Glucose Fructose Galactose
61
disaccharides | types?
two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond lactose (milk sugar) sucrose (table sugar)
62
polysaccharide
``` chain of monosaccharides Carbohydrate ex Starch Fiber ```
63
starch
polysaccharide that can be digested by humans
64
Fiber
polysaccharide that can not be digested by humans | cellulose is fiber
65
Sources of Carbs
grains- Pasta and starches fruit/vegetables sugar candy
66
Function of carbs
provides quick energy for plants storage and structure main source of energy
67
glycosidic linkages
the bonds between monosaccharides
68
Lipids
macromolecule that consists of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids
69
saturated fat
triglyceride solid at room temperature all single bonds in fatty acids (no kinks in chain) animal sources
70
unsaturated fat
liquid at room temperature double bonds in the fatty acids ( kink in chain makes it liquid) plant sources
71
Function of lipids
long term energy sources insulation waterproofing Hydrophobic
72
triglyceride
type of lipid | glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids
73
types of lipids
``` cholesterol Steroid waxes phospholipids triglycerides ```
74
nucleic acids
macromolecule that is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers
75
Function of Nucleic Acids
Store hereditary genetic info | directions to make proteins
76
Sources of nucleic acids
Dna | Rna

Bio 19 (5 decks)

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