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KIN 346 > Chapter 2 Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Bioenergetics Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Carbs inside the blood is _______ and carbs used as storage is __________.

A

Glucose, Glycogen

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2
Q

Fat inside the blood is ___________ and when fat is used as storage it is _____________.

A

Fatty free acids, Triglycerides

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3
Q

The process of storing fatty free acids into triglycerides is ________________. The enzyme that is used is called a(n) _____________________.

A

Lipogenesis, Ester Enzyme

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4
Q

The process of breaking down triglycerides into fatty free acids is __________________. The enzyme that is used is _____________________.

A

Lipolysis, Lipoprotein Lipase

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5
Q

The process of glucose being stored as glycogen is ______________. The enzyme that is used is ________________.

A

Glycogenesis, Glycogen Synthase

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6
Q

The process of breaking down glycogen and converting it into glucose is _________________. The enzyme that is used is _____________________.

A

Glycogenolysis, Glycogen Phosphorylase

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7
Q

Protein inside the blood is called _____________ and when protein is used as storage is _________________.

A

Amino acids. Body proteins

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8
Q

The process of storing amino acids as body proteins is ______________.

A

Protein Synthesis

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9
Q

The process of breaking down body proteins into amino acids is ____________________.

A

Protein breakdown

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10
Q

The process of converting non-carbohydrate substrates into glucose is called ____________. Where in the body is it found?

A

Gluconeogenesis, Liver

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11
Q

The enzyme in gluconeogenesis is called ________________.

A

Glucose-6-Phosphatase

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12
Q

The two cycles in gluconeogenesis are called ________________ and __________________.

A

Glucose-Alanine Cycle, Cori Cycle

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13
Q

The conversion of amino acids into glucose is called _______________. The conversion of Lactic acid into glucose is called _________________.

A

Glucose-Alanine Cycle, Cori Cycle

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14
Q

The anaerobic metabolic systems are __________________.

A

ATP-PCR System, Glycolysis

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15
Q

The aerobic metabolic systems are called __________________.

A

Kreb Cycle, Electron transport chain, Beta-oxidation

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16
Q

What is a rate limiting enzyme?

A

The enzyme that controls the speed of a process.

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17
Q

In the ATP-PCR system what enzyme is used in this process?

ATP ➡️ ADP + Pi + e

A

ATPase

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18
Q

PCR ➡️ Pi + Cr + e

What is the enzyme used?

A

Creatine Kinase

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19
Q

ADP + Pi + e ➡️ ATP

What enzyme is used in the process?

A

ATP Synthase

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20
Q

ADP + ADP ➡️ ATP + AMP

What is the enzyme that is used in this process?

21
Q

ADP + PCR ➡️ ATP + Cr

What is the enzyme that is used in this process?

Study These Flashcards
A

Creatine Kinase

22
Q

What is the process in the ATP-PCR system that takes place in the mitochondria? How long does the system need to replenish?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pi + Cr + e ➡️ PCR, 3 minutes

23
Q

In Glycolysis the process of glucose converting into glucose-6-phosphate is controlled by an enzyme called _________________. What is the ATP usage in the process?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hexokinase, -1 ATP

24
Q

In Glycolysis the process of converting glycogen into glucose-6-phosphate is controlled by an enzyme called ___________________. What is the ATP usage in the process?

Study These Flashcards
A

Glycogen phosphorylase, 0 ATP

25
In the process of Glucose-6-phosphate converting into 2 pyruvate what is the enzyme called ______________. What is the ATP usage?
Phosphofructokinase, -1 ATP in the beginning but +4 at the end.
26
Fill in the blanks. The liver’s glycogen gets converted into glucose by the process of __________________ and the new glucose gets converted into glucose-6-phosphate with an enzyme called _________________.
Glycogenolysis, Hexokinase
27
What are the six fates of lactic acid?
Going back to the same muscle, to the heart, to the kidneys, to other muscles, to a buffer system, and to the liver.
28
The enzyme used in the process of converting 2 pyruvate into lactic acid is _________________.
Lactic Dehydrogenase
29
Fill in the blanks. Glucose-6-phosphate gets converted into 2 pyruvate by an enzyme called _____________________. The 2 pyruvate gets converted to _______________ with an enzyme called ___________________. _______________ goes to the liver through a process called _______________ where it can get eventually get broken down into _____________ by glycogenolysis.
1.) Phosphofructokinase 2.) Lactic Acid 3.) Lactic Dehydrogenase 4.) Lactic Acid 5.) Gluconeogenesis 6.) Glucose
30
The use of glycogen in Glycolysis has a net ATP of ___________.
+3 ATP
31
The use of glucose for Glycolysis has a net ATP of ______________.
+2 ATP
32
What are the two electron carriers in Glycolysis? What’s their reduced form?
NAD, FAD NADH+H+, FADH2
33
The rate limiting enzyme in the Glycolysis process is _______________.
Phosphofructokinase
34
The rate limiting enzyme in the Electron Transport Chain process is _______________.
Cytochrome Oxidase
35
The rate limiting enzyme in the Kreb Cycle process is __________________.
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
36
The enzyme that converts 2 molecules of Pyruvate into 2 Acetyl COA is _______________.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
37
What are the three enzymes inside in the Kreb Cycle?
Citrate Synthase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, and Succinate Dehydrogenase
38
What is the net ATP generated in one Kreb Cycle and where does it specifically come from?
+10 ATP 7.5 ATP from 3NADH+H+ 1 ATP 1.5 ATP from FAD2
39
Fill in the blanks. When FAD becomes reduced it turns into ___________ and goes to the ____ ________________ of the electron transport chain.
FADH2, 2nd Cytochrome
40
What is the purpose of the Electron Transport Chain?
To generate energy to create ATP.
41
The byproduct of the Electron Transport Chain is _______.
H20
42
Where does the energy made from the Electron Transport Chain go to? What enzyme is used in the process?
The energy goes into ADP + Pi + e ➡️ ATP ATP Synthase
43
What molecule is at the end of the Electron Transport to create the byproduct?
O2
44
How much ATP is create from 2NADH+H+? Show Calculations.
5 ATP 2x2.5
45
When the Aerobic pathway of Glycolysis is at capacity where does 2NADH+H+?
2 Pyruvate which reduces it turning it into Lactic Acid.
46
Activation of Phosphofructokinase is used in what type of workouts?
High Intensity
47
The three ways Phosphofructokinase can get activated are?
Low levels of ATP - From ADP +Pi + e ➡️ ATP High levels of AMP - ADP+ADP ➡️ ATP + AMP High levels of G6P - Breakdown from Liver Glycogen by Epinephrine
48
Glycogen Phosphorylase in the process of Glycogenolysis can get activated by a hormone called ___________.
Epinephrine
49
How long does the ATP-PCR system last before it needs to replenish?
10-15 seconds

KIN 346 (8 decks)

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