Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior

Question 1

Band of fibers connecting the 2 hemispheres of the brain.

Answer 1

Corpus Callosum

Question 2

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

Answer 2

Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

Question 3

What are the 2 braches of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Central and Peripheral

Question 4

What are the two systems that make up the PNS?

Answer 4

Somatic and Autonomic NS

Question 5

The two systems are part of the autonomic NS

Answer 5

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 6

List the 4 parts of a neuron

Answer 6

Dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminals

Question 7

How are neurons able to transmit information to one another?

Answer 7

Through electrical charge, and sodium ions

Question 8

The peak of neuron activity

Answer 8

Threshold

Question 9

The holes that act as channels for sodium ions to enter axon fibers

Answer 9

ion channels

Question 10

Insulating material that coats some neuron axons

Answer 10

Myelin Sheath

Question 11

The chemical process when neurotransmitters are released at the end of action potential

Answer 11

Synaptic transmission

Question 12

a chemical that moves from one nervous system to another

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter

Question 13

Membranes sensitive to neurotransmitters

Answer 13

Receptor sites

Question 14

How many neurotransmitters are found within the brain?

Answer 14

100

Question 15

Brain chemicals that regulate neuron activity

Answer 15

Neuropeptides

Question 16

Neural regulators that relieve pain and stress

Answer 16

Enkephalins

Question 17

The ability of the brain and nervous system to change in response to experience

Answer 17

Neuroplasticity

Question 18

The production of new brain cells

Answer 18

Neurogenesis

Question 19

The study of how biological processes relate to our behavior

Answer 19

Biopsychology

Question 20

Revolutionized the study of the brain

Answer 20

Computed tomography scans

Question 21

Three-dimensional images of the brain

Answer 21

MRIs

Question 22

A research strategy of linking specific structures in the brain to specific psychological or behavioral functions.

Answer 22

Localized function

Question 23

Direct electrical stimulation of the brain tissue by electrodes

Answer 23

ESB

Question 24

any device such as a needle or wire used to stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or record its activity

Answer 24

Electrodes

Question 25

Surgical removal of tissue from the surface of the brain

Answer 25

Ablation

Question 26

Removal of tissue within the brain by use of an electrode

Answer 26

Deep lesioning

Question 27

Amplifies the brain's weak signals and records electrical activity

Answer 27

EEG

Question 28

Shows whether a person is lying

Answer 28

functional MRI

Question 29

Uses radioactive particles attaching them to glucose molecules in the brain to show areas of activity

Answer 29

PET scans

Question 30

The thin outer covering of the brain has a wrinkled appearance.

Answer 30

Cerebral Cortex

Question 31

Specialization in the abilities of the two hemispheres of the brain

Answer 31

Lateralization

Question 32

Cutting of the corpus callosum, used as a treatment for severe epilepsy

Answer 32

Split brain operation

Question 33

Cell in the nervous system that transmits commands to the muscles

Answer 33

Motor neurons

Question 34

A term applied to the side of a person's brain that produces language

Answer 34

Dominant hemisphere

Question 35

Area of the cortex associated with movement, sense of self, higher mental functions, reasoning, planning

Answer 35

Frontal Lobe

Question 36

The front of the frontal lobe is responsible for regulating and coordinating thought processes.

Answer 36

Prefrontal cortex

Question 37

Area related to grammar and pronunciation

Answer 37

Broca's area

Question 38

Area of the brain associated with the control of movement

Answer 38

Primary motor areas

Question 39

Lobe is responsible for body sensations touch, temperature, and pressure

Answer 39

Parietal

Question 40

The lobe is important to hearing. Where auditory information is sent.

Answer 40

Temporal lobe

Question 41

Temporal lobe area that is associated with language comprehension

Answer 41

Wernicke's area

Question 42

Lobe responsible for visual processing

Answer 42

Occipital

Question 43

An increase in the relative size of the cerebral cortex

Answer 43

Corticalization

Question 44

The inability to identify seen objects

Answer 44

Agnosia

Question 45

What are the 3 main components of the subcortex?

Answer 45

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Question 46

What are the 4 main parts of the hindbrain?

Answer 46

Medulla, pons, reticular formation, cerebellum

Question 47

Area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological functions such as temperature control, hormone release, eating, drinking, sleep, walking, and emotion.

Answer 47

Hypothalamus

Question 48

The brain structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex such as taste, vision, hearing, and touch

Answer 48

Thalamus

Question 49

Set of brain structures important in regulating emotion and memory.

Answer 49

Limbic System

Question 50

The 4 parts of the Limbic system

Answer 50

Hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala

Question 51

Associated with emotional processing, strongly related to fear and memory of fearful experiences.

Answer 51

Amygdala

Question 52

Important in storing memories, and navigating the space around us

Answer 52

Hippocampus

Question 53

The 4 main glands of the endocrine system

Answer 53

Pituitary, Pineal, Adrenal, Thyroid

Question 54

Known as the master gland, influences other glands, and regulates body processes such as metabolism, stress responses, and reproduction. Growth hormone and oxytocin.

Answer 54

Pituitary gland

Question 55

Releases melatonin in response to light variations during the day

Answer 55

Pineal Gland

Question 56

Regulates metabolism, has effects on personality

Answer 56

Thyroid gland

Question 57

associated with fear and arousal, "Fight or flight" response

Answer 57

Adrenal Gland

Question 58

Source of Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 58

Adrenal Medulla

Question 59

Part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination

Answer 59

Cerebellum

Question 60

Secretes from a gland as a chemical message

Answer 60

Hormone

Question 61

Part of the cortex responsible for processing information from skin receptors

Answer 61

Somatosensory cortex