Chapter 2 - Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which category on the MyPlate contain carbohydrate foods?

Answer 1

all except the meat part (meat, poultry and eggs don’t contain carbs)

Question 2

What are the major monosaccharides?

Answer 2

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 3

Which monosaccharide is the body’s major fuel source?

Answer 3

glucose!

Question 4

What are the three disaccharide carbohydrates from lecture?

Answer 4

maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 5

What is maltose made up of?

Answer 5

maltose = glucose + glucose

Question 6

What is sucrose made up of?

Answer 6

sucrose = glucose + fructose

Question 7

What is lactose made up of?

Answer 7

lactose = glucose + galactose

Question 8

What are the food sources of maltose?

Answer 8

bread, pasta, rice

Question 9

What are the food sources of sucrose?

Answer 9

table sugar, fruits, vegetables, honey

Question 10

What are the food sources of lactose?

Answer 10

milk, dairy products, whey protein

Question 11

What are the three polysaccharides covered in lecture?

Answer 11

starch, fiber, glycogen

Question 12

What is the most consumed polysaccharide in the human body?

Answer 12

starch

Question 13

What is starch made of?

Answer 13

500 - 2 million glucose molecules

Question 14

What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and a complex carbohydrate?

Answer 14

simple CHO: simple structure, quick energy, easy to digest, 1/2 sugar molecules

complex: complex structure, slow energy release, harder to digest, made of 3+ sugar molecules

Question 15

Why are whole grains more nutrient dense than refined grains?

Answer 15

because whole grains retain parts of the grain that contain nutrients and antioxidants that are removed when grain is refined

Question 16

What is fortification?

Answer 16

adding nutrients into something that did not have them before

Question 17

What is enrichment?

Answer 17

adding nutrients back into a food that lost them while being processed

Question 18

Does a fiber provide the body with energy? Why or why not?

Answer 18

fiber does not provide the body with energy as we cannot digest it

Question 19

Is fruit juice a good source of fiber? Why or why not?

Answer 19

it is not because we typically remove the skins that hold the fiber to make juice

Question 20

What is the storage form of carbohydrate in the body?

Answer 20

glycogen

Question 21

What is glycogen made up of?

Answer 21

it is a polysaccharide made up of lots of glucose molecules

Question 22

What does glycogen do?

Answer 22

it provides energy when needed to the body, and stores it when not needed

Question 23

What two places is glycogen stored?

Answer 23

the liver and skeletal muscles

Question 24

What are the four major functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 24

1) provide energy
2) provides reserve fuel
3) spares proteins
4) prevents rapid fat to ketone breakdowns

Question 25

What are the DRIs for carbohydrates?

Answer 25

they should be 35-45% of your total caloric intake a day; for those 19-50, women should consume 25 g/day and men 38 g/day

Question 26

What type of CHO digestion occurs in the mouth?

Answer 26

mechanical (chewing) and chemical (saliva/salivary amylase)

Question 27

What type of CHO digestion occurs in the stomach?

Answer 27

mechanical digestion (peristalsis)

Question 28

What type of CHO digestion occurs in the small intestine?

Answer 28

mechanical (peristalsis) and chemical (sucrase, lactase, maltase, and pancreatic amylase)

Question 29

Which nutrient form of carbohydrates can be absorbed from the small intestine?

Answer 29

monosaccharides!

Question 30

Where do monosaccharides go first after being absorbed from the small intestine? Why?

Answer 30

the hepatic portal system to determine if they should be used now or later