Chapter 2: Cell Structures and Function

Question 1

What is an element?

Answer 1

any substance that cannot be broken down into similar substances

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

the smallest unit of all elements

Question 3

What is a molecule?

Answer 3

the smallest unit of a compound

Question 4

What is a compound?

Answer 4

when two or more elements combine chemically

Question 5

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 5

sugar molecules

Question 6

What is a lipid?

Answer 6

fats, oils, and waxes

Question 7

What is a protein?

Answer 7

large organic molecules that are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Question 8

What is a nucleic acid?

Answer 8

organic molecules that are very long and are made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 9

What is DNA?

Answer 9

contains the general genetic material that carries about an organism

Question 10

What is RNA?

Answer 10

second kind of nucleic acid, and plays an important part in the production of proteins

Question 11

What is diffusion?

Answer 11

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 12

What is osmosis?

Answer 12

the diffusion of water molecules through a cell membrane

Question 13

What is active transport?

Answer 13

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy

Question 14

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 14

the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

Question 14

What is respiration?

Answer 14

the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose

Question 15

What is fermentation?

Answer 15

a process that provides energy for cells without using oxygen

Question 16

What is interphase?

Answer 16

The period before division happens and the cell grows and copies DNA to divide

Question 17

What is mitosis?

Answer 17

The period in which the cell’s nucleus divides into two nuclei

Question 17

What is cytokensis?

Answer 17

The final stage of the cell cycle and the two daughter cells are exact copies of one another

Question 17

What are the six elements commonly found in living things?

Answer 17

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

Question 17

What are daughter cells?

Answer 17

the two new cells left after the original cell divides

Question 17

What is the role of water in a cell?

Answer 17

dissolves chemicals, chemical reactions can’t take place without water, helps cells keep their shape, keeps cells from changing temperature quickly

Question 18

What is the difference between an organic and inorganic compound?

Answer 18

Organic compounds contain carbon and inorganic compounds don’t contain carbon

Question 19

What are examples of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Answer 19

Carbs - potatoes, bread, fruits
Lipids - fats, oils, waxes
Proteins - meat, fish, nuts
Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA

Question 20

What causes diffusion?

Answer 20

the kinetic energy of the molecules that results in random motion, causing diffusion

Question 21

What does the term semi-permeable mean?

Answer 21

only certain things are able to pass through

Question 22

Which part of the cell is semi-permeable?

Answer 22

cell membrane

Question 23

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 23

active transport needs energy, passive transport doesn't

Question 24

What are transport proteins and what is their role in the cell?

Answer 24

they are proteins found in the cell membrane that pick up molecules outside the cell and carry them in

Question 25

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 25

6CO2 + 6H2O Light Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 26

What is the difference between the photosynthesis equation and the respiration equation?

Answer 26

Photosynthesis creates the products respiration needs and respiration creates the products photosynthesis needs

Question 27

What did Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick contribute

Answer 27

Franklin took pictures of DNA, Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA

Question 28

Explain the concept of the "Double Helix"

Answer 28

It is the structure of DNA and is like a twisted ladder

Question 29

What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA and how they pair?

Answer 29

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine A and T G and C

Question 30

State the replication process of DNA

Answer 30

it is the process by which the nitrogen bases of DNA split then find their pairs and attach to one another.