Chapter 2 Cells/Tissue

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

basic structural and functional units of the body that are specialized and grouped together

Question 2

Cytology

Answer 2

Study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

Question 3

Cytologist

Answer 3

a specialist in the study and analysis of cells

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

tissue that surrounds and protects contents of the cell

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

material within the cell membrane, not part of the nuclues

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

surrounded by nuclear membrane, controls cells activity and helps cell divide

Question 7

Stem cells

Answer 7

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

Question 8

Somatic stem cells

Answer 8

undifferentiated cells found amoung differentiated cells that maintain and repair the tissue they are found in

Question 9

Differentiated

Answer 9

specialized in function or structure

Question 10

Undifferentiated

Answer 10

no specialized structure or function

Question 11

Hemopoietic

Answer 11

blood forming tissue/cells

Question 12

Graft vs Host disease

Answer 12

rejection of whatever is being donated

Question 13

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 13

Undifferentiated cells that are unlike any other but can form ANY adult cell

Question 14

Proliferate

Answer 14

grow rapidly

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

fundamental physcial and functional unit of heredity

Question 16

Genetics

Answer 16

study of how genes are transmitted from parents to their children

Question 17

Geneticist

Answer 17

specialist in genes

Question 18

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 18

group of inherited red blood cell disorders transmitted by the recessive gene

Question 19

Genome

Answer 19

a complete set of genetic info of an organism

Question 20

Chromosome

Answer 20

genetic structure located within the nucleus, made of DNA molecules containing the bodys genes

Question 21

Somatic cells

Answer 21

any cell in the body except sex cells

Question 22

Gamete

Answer 22

sex cell, only thing that doesnt have 46 chromosomes (23 instead)

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

thousands of genes that provide info

Question 24

Helix

Answer 24

staircase shape

Question 25

Genetic/hereditary

Answer 25

pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Question 26

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 26

genetic, present at birth, affects the respiratory and digestive systems

Question 27

Down syndromes

Answer 27

associated with appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, etc.

Question 28

Hemophilia

Answer 28

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders where the blood clot factor is missing

Question 29

Huntingtons disease

Answer 29

passed down with a 50/50 chance of inheritance; appears midlife and can affect movement and mental abilites

Question 30

Muscular Distrophy

Answer 30

progressive weakness and degenerative skeletal muscle control

Question 31

Histology

Answer 31

study of structure, function, and composition of tissues

Question 32

Epithelial tissue

Answer 32

protective covering over internal and external body surfaces

Question 33

Epithelium

Answer 33

forms epidermis of the skin and surface layer of mucous membrane

Question 34

Endotheliem

Answer 34

lines blood and lymphatic vessels, body cavities, glands and organs

Question 35

Connective tissue

Answer 35

support and connect organs to other body tissues

Question 36

Dense Connective

Answer 36

bone/cartilage; form framework

Question 37

Adipose

Answer 37

padding, insulation and support

Question 38

Loose connective

Answer 38

surrounds various organs and support both nerve cells and blood vessels

Question 39

Liquid connective

Answer 39

blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste

Question 40

Aplasia

Answer 40

defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Question 41

Hypoplasia

Answer 41

incomplete development due to deficiency of cells

Question 42

Anaplasia

Answer 42

change in structure and orientation of cells in regards to one another

Question 43

Dysplasia

Answer 43

abnormal development/growth

Question 44

Hyperplasia

Answer 44

enlargement of organ tissue because of abnormal increase in number of cells

Question 45

Gland

Answer 45

specialized group of epithelial cells capable of secretions

Question 46

Secretions

Answer 46

substance produces in a gland

Question 47

Adenitis

Answer 47

inflammation of a gland

Question 48

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 48

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

Question 49

Adenoma

Answer 49

benign tumore in glandular tissue

Question 50

Adenomalacia

Answer 50

abnormal softening of a gland

Question 51

Adenosis

Answer 51

disease or condition of a gland

Question 52

Adenosclerosis

Answer 52

abnormal hardening of a gland

Question 53

Adenectomy

Answer 53

surgical removal of a gland