Chapter 2 - Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

Oxidation

Answer 1

Loss of an e-

Question 2

Reduction

Answer 2

Gain of an e-

Question 3

Osmoles

Answer 3

Concentration measurement - number of particles in a solution (6.023x10^23 particles in 1 kg water)

Question 4

Acid

Answer 4

Proton donor

Question 5

Base

Answer 5

Proton acceptor

Question 6

Carboxyl group

Answer 6

Carbonyl group but with a OH instead of one of the R groups

Question 7

Ester group

Answer 7

A c double bonded to an O, single bonded to another O, with 2 R groups (1 attached to C, other attached to the single-bonded O)

Question 8

Carbohydrate Major Roles

Answer 8

-Act as parts of other organic molecules
-Broken down to provide energy
-When undigested, provide bulk in feces

Question 9

Lipid Major Roles

Answer 9

-Provide energy and insulation
-Help regulate many physiological processes
-Form plasma membranes
-Act as major energy storage molecules

Question 10

Protein Major Roles

Answer 10

-Regulate body processes
-Act as transportation molecules
-Provide protection
-Help muscles contract
-Provide structure and energy

Question 10

Cations

Answer 10

Positive charge

Question 10

Anions

Answer 10

Negative charge

Question 10

Electrolytes

Answer 10

Solutions made by the dissociation of cations and anions in water

Question 11

Suspension

Answer 11

Materials separate unless stirred (ie sand in water)

Question 11

Colloid

Answer 11

Dispersal of tiny particles through a medium (ie milk, blood)

Question 12

Disaccharides

Answer 12

-2 simple 6C sugars bound by dehydration reaction
-Sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 13

Eicosanoids

Answer 13

-Lipid
-Derived from fatty acid
-Important regulatory molecule
-Thromboxanes, leukotrienes, prostaglandins

Question 14

Steroid

Answer 14

-Lipid with four ring-like structures
-Ie cholesterol, bile salts, hormones