Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 1 > Chapter 3 - Cell biology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Cell biology Flashcards

1
Q

Lysosome

A

-Contains digestive enzymes
-Forms at Golgi
-Autophagy - breaks down organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Combination of glucose and lipids (glycolipids) and proteins (glycoproteins) on outer membrane of plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Integral membrane proteins

A

-Extend deep into membranes, often from one surface to another
-Can form channels through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peripheral membrane proteins

A

-Attached to integral proteins at either the inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Marker molecules

A

-Glycoproteins or glycolipids
-Allow cells to identify each other or other molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transport proteins examples

A

-Channel proteins
-Carrier proteins
-ATP-powered pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Transport protein specificity

A

-Single type of molecule
-Competition among similarly-shaped molecules
-Saturation - transport rate limited to number of available proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Channel proteins

A

Leaky ion - always open
Gated ion - can be opened or closed by certain stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carrier proteins

A

-AKA transporters
-Move ions from one side of membrane to the other
-Specific binding sites
-Protein changes shape to transport, then resumes original shape after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of passive membrane transport

A

-Osmosis
-Diffusion
-Facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viscosity

A

Measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aquaporins

A

Water channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

-No ATP required
-Carrier or channel proteins
-Move manufactured proteins out, amino acids and glucose in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

-Move ions against concentration gradient to sustain electrical membrane potential
-Sodium out of cell, potassium in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Uses potential energy in concentration gradient (established with primary active transport) to help move another substance

17
Q

Vesicular transport

A

-Requires ATP
-Endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
-Exocytosis

18
Q

Microtubules

A

-Hollow tubes made of tubulin protein
-Internal scaffold, transport, cell division

19
Q

Actin filaments/microfilaments

A

Structure, support for microvilli, contractility, movement

20
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Mechanical strength

21
Q

Cytoplasmic inclusions

A

-Aggregates of chemical such as lipid droplets
-Melanin

22
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dense region where ribosomes are manufactured

23
Q

Cadherins

A

Proteins that attach cells to other cells

24
Q

Integrins

A

Proteins that attach cells to extracellular molecules

25
Q

Cisternae

A

Interior space of sacs and tubules that make up the ER

26
Q

Smooth ER

A

Makes lipids and carbohydrates

27
Q

Peroxisomes

A

-Contains enzymes to break down fatty acids and amino acids
-Hydrogen peroxide is a by-product - also breaks this down

28
Q

Centrioles

A

-Located in centrosome (specialized zone near nucleus)
-Center of microtubule formation
-Organize spindle fibers (type of microtubule) during cell division

29
Q

Cilia

A

-Move materials over surface of cells
-Contains microtubules
-Dynein arms
-Basal body

30
Q

Dynein arms

A

-Connect adjacent microtubules
-Push microtubules past each other

31
Q

Basal body

A

-Modified centriole
-Located at base of cilium

32
Q

Microvilli

A

-Extension of plasma membrane to increase surface area
-Many per cell
-Do not move

33
Q

Prophase

A

-Nuclear envelope disintegrates
-Chromatin condenses
-Spindles attach to kinetochore

34
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes align at nuclear equator

35
Q

Anaphase

A

-Spindles separate the chromatids
-Cytokinesis begins

36
Q

Telophase

A

-Chromosomes decondense
-Nuclear envelope reforms
-Cytokinesis continues

37
Q

Kinetochore

A

Protein structure that binds the centromere and provides a point of attachment for microtubules that will separate and move the chromatids during mitosis

Anatomy 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions