Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Life (vocab)

Question 1

center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, the structure that contains the cells DNA and controls the cells activities

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus

Answer 2

electron

Question 3

substance consisting entirely of one type of atom

Answer 3

element

Question 4

atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element

Answer 4

isotope

Question 5

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

Answer 5

compound

Question 6

bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Answer 6

ionic bond

Question 7

atom that has a positive or negative charge

Answer 7

ion

Question 8

bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Answer 8

covalent bond

Question 9

smallest unit of most compounds

Answer 9

molecule

Question 10

a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

Answer 10

van der waals forces

Question 11

attraction between molecules of the same substance

Answer 11

cohesion

Question 12

attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules

Answer 12

adhesion

Question 13

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

Answer 13

mixture

Question 14

mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the same substances are evenly distributed

Answer 14

solution

Question 15

substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

Answer 15

solute

Question 16

substance is which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

Answer 16

solvent

Question 17

mixture of water and non-dissolved materials

Answer 17

suspension

Question 18

measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions; ranges from 0 to 14

Answer 18

pH scale

Question 19

compound that forms hydrogen ions in a solution

Answer 19

acid

Question 20

compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution

Answer 20

base

Question 21

weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in ph

Answer 21

buffer

Question 22

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

Answer 22

hydrogen bond

Question 23

basic unit of matter

Answer 23

atom

Question 24

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Answer 24

Monomer

Question 25

Molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Answer 25

Polymer

Question 26

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

Answer 26

Carbohydrate

Question 27

Simple sugar molecule

Answer 27

Monosaccharide

Question 28

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, & waxes

Answer 28

Lipid

Question 29

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, & phosphorus

Answer 29

Nucleic acid

Question 30

Subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, & a nitrogenous base

Answer 30

Nucleotide

Question 31

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Answer 31

Protein

Question 32

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other

Answer 32

Amino acid

Question 33

Process that changes/transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

Answer 33

Chemical reaction

Question 34

Element or compound that enter into a chemical reaction

Answer 34

Reactant

Question 35

Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction

Answer 35

Product

Question 36

Energy that is needed to get a reaction started

Answer 36

Activation energy

Question 37

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 37

Catalyst

Question 38

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

Answer 38

Enzyme

Question 39

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Answer 39

Substrate