Chapter 7 study guide

Question 1

What advancement in technology made the discovery of the cell possible?

Answer 1

The microscope

Question 2

Who was one of the first people to identify and see the cork cells?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

How can the work of Schleiden and Schwann be summarized?

Answer 3

All plants and animals are made of cells

Question 4

What are the principles of the cell theory?

Answer 4

• All living things are made up of cells
• Cells are the basic units of structures and function in living things
• New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 5

What does the cell theory apply to?

Answer 5

Bacteria, multicellular organisms, plants, and animals

Question 6

If you were looking at a cell with a microscope, how would you know if it was a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 6

If it’s prokaryotic it won’t have a nucleus

Question 7

How are electron microscopes different from light microscopes?

Answer 7

Electron microscopes can reveal details 1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes

Question 8

What is found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 8

A nucleus

Question 9

What type of organism is a prokaryote?

Answer 9

Bacteria

Question 10

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 10

Contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA assembled into chromosomes

Question 11

Where is the cytoplasm found?

Answer 11

Outside the nucleus

Question 12

Which structures make proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus?

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

Which organelles help provide the cell with energy?

Answer 13

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 14

Which organelles would you find in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Answer 14

Chloroplasts and cell wall

Question 15

Which structures are responsible for cell movement?

Answer 15

Microtubules and microfilaments (cytoskeleton)

Question 16

What is the path of proteins in the cell?

Answer 16

Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and then their final destination

Question 17

What is the main function of the cell wall?

Answer 17

Shapes, supports, and protects the cell

Question 18

What type of cell doesn’t have a cell wall?

Answer 18

Animal cell

Question 19

What structure serves as the cells boundary from its environment?

Answer 19

Cell membrane

Question 20

What is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function called?

Answer 20

Tissue

Question 21

What is an organ system?

Answer 21

Group of organs that work togethers to perform a specific function

Question 22

What are levels of organization in a multicellular organism?

Answer 22

Tissue, organ, and organ system

Question 23

What type of particle transport requires the engulfing of a particle by the cell membrane?

Answer 23

Active transport (endocytosis/phagocytosis)

Question 24

Structures found in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 24

Nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, and mitochondria

Question 25

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 25

It regulates materials entering and leaving the cell; protects and supports the cell

Question 26

What are cell membranes mostly made up of?

Answer 26

Lipid bilayer

Question 27

What are the channels and pumps found in the cell membrane made of?

Answer 27

Protein

Question 28

What is diffusion

Answer 28

When particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 29

Why does does diffusion occur

Answer 29

?

Question 30

What happens to the movement of molecules when the concentration of both sides of the cell membrane is the same

Answer 30

They all keep moving in both directions since they've reached the equilibrium

Question 31

What type of particle transport requires energy

Answer 31

Active transport

Question 32

What is diffusion of water across a membrane called

Answer 32

Osmosis

Question 33

Why will an animal cell surrounded by freshwater burst?

Answer 33

?

Question 34

What term refers to cells having different jobs within an organism

Answer 34

Cell specialization

Question 35

How do the cells of a multicellular organism compare to those of a single-called organism

Answer 35

Single called organisms are able to maintain homeostasis by themselves. Multicellular are interdependent and specialized to maintain homeostasis

Question 36

What is an example of an organ

Answer 36

?