Chapter 2 : Civil War Flashcards
(33 cards)
Course of the War in the Eastern Theater
- Lee takes the defensive at the start of 1862 Shendoah valley and 7 days campaign.
- Lee counterattacks in 1862 and was pushed back but the battle of Antietam Creek
- 1863 Lee wins defensively at Chancellorsville but loses at Gettysburg.
- 1864 CSA is all defense, Grant attacks without stopping despite heavy losses for example Cold Harbor.
Cold Harbor
Disastrous defeat for the union army (Grant) during the Civil War at 1864
Course of the war in the Western theater
- CSA stays on defensive mode
- 1862 Union army pushes them back at Shiloh
- 1863 Union wins at Vicksburg and Chattanooga
- 1864 Siege of Atlanta, known as March to the seen which Sherman was successful at
Anaconda plan
Also known as the Naval Blockade.
- A plan to blockade the CSA by sea and cut off the Mississippi River
- It was set up to damage the South’s economy and prevent it resupplying
Southern and Northern war goals
In the eastern theater the Northern and Southern strategies were fairly similar
- Not get invaded
- Push back each other when possible
The Northern strategy was to eventually introduce the emancipation proclamation and end slavery
Differences in industrial output
Union has much of the industrial output
- Produces 95% of the countries iron
- CSA has only 9 firearms factories.
What was the South’s main economic Activity and how was it impacted by the war ?
They grew cotton and sold it to the UK.
- During the war the US blockade reduces exports by 90%
How was the war financed by the North?
Printing money
- 13% from printing money
Bonds
- 66% of the total war spending
Taxes
- 21% of the total war spending
How was the war financed by the South?
Printing money
- 57% of the war spending
Bonds
- 33% of the war spending
Taxes
- 10% of the war spending
Why we’re railways such an important part of the war?
A way to transport food, supplies and people to fight in the war
How did the UK and France impact the Naval War?
UK allows some ships to be built in its shipyards for the Confederacy. They attack the Union merchant ship and do some economic damage, that said the impact on the war is small.
To what degree did the UK and France support the Confederacy/Union?
They recognized the CSA as a “Belligerent” (a nation engaged in war) but not a country.
They discussed helping the CSA but did not due to popular anti-slavery feelings, Russian threats and lack of interest in war.
How was trade with The UK and France impacted the war?
Trade from the south was destroyed by Union blockade, trade with Union was large especially in weapons
Trent Affair
The Trent Affair was the ship called RMS Trent, British Merchant ship with the CSA diplomats onboard. US warship stops and arrests them, the UK government demands their release and eventually get it.
Vallandigham’s case
He is the speaker of the house at the start of the war. He made an angry speech against Lincoln and the war. He was arrested by the military without Lincoln’s knowledge. Lincoln exiles him to the Confederacy. He goes to Bermuda then Canada and returns to the US. He is ignored and works against Lincoln in 1864 election
John Merryman
He was accused of training soldiers who went on to sabotage railroad tracks in Maryland in 1861. He was arrested even though he hadn’t technically committed a. Crime as Lincoln had suspended Habeas Corpus.
Suspension of Habeas Corpus
Lincoln suspends rules saying that the government can only arrest people if a reason is given. But he arrests a large number of people opposing the war or supporting the Confederacy. Starts in 1861 in Maryland, in 1862 covers whole country. In the CSA it can be suspended by decision of a military tribunal.
Alien Act
The CSA makes all the people living in it choose is they are a US or CSA citizen. It seizes the property of any Northerner not living in the south
Conscription In the Union
Accounts for about 2% of the total troops. Can be avoided for payment, if you have certain professions like teacher or doctor etc.
Conscription in the Confederacy
Accounts for about 20% of total troops. Can be avoided for payment, professions or if u own 20 or more slaves
How did Lincoln hope the emancipation proclamation would help win the war?!
He said that any state that returned to the Union could keep slavery. He also hopes it would encourage slave revolts or slaves to run away thus hurting CSA.
Why did Lincoln not abolish slavery in the border states?!
He didn’t want to encourage people in those areas to join the confederacy. He was also wasn’t sure he had the legal authority to do so as the Dred Scott case meant that he did not have the constitutional authority to do so.
Why did he was until he won a victory
He doesn’t want to make it look like an of desperation done because the south is winning the war.
What goods did the confederacy run short off during the war and why?!
Coffee, sugar, tea, salt, and many important goods like cloth. Railway ties and locomotives and other infrastructure goods
