Chapter 2: Concepts of Construction

Question 1

consists of all the structural elements and the connections that support and transfer the loads

Answer 1

gravity resistance system

Question 2

This means that to some degree they will resist fire-caused collapse.

Answer 2

fire resistive

Question 3

NFPA 5000

Answer 3

Building Construction and Safety Code

Question 4

what is a force or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes

Answer 4

Load

Question 5

result of forces applied to a structural member

Answer 5

Stress and strain

Question 6

the force per unit area that produces a deformation. Measured in psi or psf.

Answer 6

Stress

Question 7

actual percentage of deformation that occurs when a material is stressed. Measured in fractions of an inch of deformation per inch of original length of the material

Answer 7

Strain

Question 8

KIP

Answer 8

1000 pounds force

Question 9

Four types of forces

Answer 9

Compression- force squeezes a structural member
Tension- force that stretches a member, e.g., steel cable
Torsion- a twisting force
Shear- opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions e.g., wind load

Question 10

the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it.

Answer 10

Dead Load

Question 11

any loads other than dead loads

Answer 11

Live Load

Question 12

load distributed over entire area

Answer 12

Uniform live load

Question 13

What is the name of the load that applies to specific large objects?

Answer 13

Concentrated load

Question 14

water trapped in a building or on a roof from weather or fire fighting operations is what type of load?

Answer 14

Added Live Load

Question 15

Waters weight

Answer 15

8.34 lbs/gallon

Question 16

loads that are delivered in a short time

Answer 16

Impact Loads

Question 17

force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction

Answer 17

Lateral Impact Load

Question 18

loads that are applied slowly and remain constant

Answer 18

Static Load

Question 19

loads that are applied intermittently

Answer 19

Repeated Loads

Question 20

wall that counteracts the effects of lateral loads

Answer 20

Shear walls

Question 21

use diagonal members for bracing purposes

Answer 21

Braced frame

Question 22

use special moment connections between columns and beams that resist rotation.

Answer 22

Moment frame

Question 23

an arrangement of braces between columns that resemble the letter “K”

Answer 23

K-bracing

Question 24

the tensile connection members of a truss web

Answer 24

Tie

Question 25

designed to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads

Answer 25

Diaphragm floor

Question 26

Externally braced

Answer 26

Tube Construction

Question 27

Internally braced

Answer 27

Core Construction

Question 28

rectangular trusses with very rigid corner bracing

Answer 28

Vierendeel trusses

Question 29

heavy loads located at one point in a building

Answer 29

Concentrated Loads

Question 30

load is perpendicular to the plan and passes through the centroid of the section Evenly applied load

Answer 30

Axial

Question 31

force that is perpendicular to the plan but does not pass through the center of the section. Load is concentrated to one side of the center supporting wall or column

Answer 31

Eccentric

Question 32

potential fuel available to a fire.

Answer 32

Fire Loads

Question 33

rate of available energy released.

Answer 33

Heat Release Rate (HRR) (also expressed as Q)

Question 34

Btu (British thermal unit)

Answer 34

the amount of heat required to raise a pound of water one degree.

Question 35

Suspended Loads

Answer 35

a hanging load supported from above.

Question 36

Represents the ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress

Answer 36

Safety Factor

Question 37

Two materials combined to take advantage of the best of each

Answer 37

Composite Materials

Question 38

transfer loads laterally

Answer 38

Beams

Question 39

the line along which the length of the beam does not change

Answer 39

Neutral axis

Question 40

The load carrying capacity of a beam increases____

Answer 40

by the square of its depth

Question 41

a type of beam, a framed structure consisting of a group of triangles arranged in a single plane.

Answer 41

Truss

Question 42

Top chord of a truss is in _______. The bottom is in _______.

Answer 42

compression | tension

Question 43

transmits to the ground the compressive forces applied along the top at any point

Answer 43

Wall

Question 44

all loads are delivered to the ground through the _________.

Answer 44

foundation

Question 45

wood joist in masonry walls that have been fire cut to allow the floor to fall downwards

Answer 45

Self-releasing floors