Chapter 2- Culture

Question 1

What is Culture?

Answer 1

the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together from a people’s way of life

Question 2

What is Nonmaterial Culture?

Answer 2

the ideas created by members of a society

Question 3

What is Material Culture?

Answer 3

the physical things created by members of a society

Question 4

What is Culture Shock?

Answer 4

personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life

Question 5

Can you explain how Culture is a Way of Life?

Answer 5

1. it is shared by members of a society

2. shapes how we think, act, and feel

Question 6

Can you explain how Culture is a Human Trait?

Answer 6

1. human beings rely on culture for survival

Question 7

How is Culture a Product of Evolution?

Answer 7

1. culture replaces biological instincts as our species’ primary strategy for survival

Question 8

What is a Symbol?

Answer 8

anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture

Question 9

What are the common elements of Culture?

Answer 9

symbols, language, values, and norms

Question 10

What is Language?

Answer 10

a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another

Question 11

What are Values?

Answer 11

culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serves as broad guidelines for social living

Question 12

What are Beliefs?

Answer 12

specific thoughts or ideas that people hold to be true

Question 13

What is Cultural Transmission?

Answer 13

the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

Question 14

What is Sapir-Whorf Thesis?

Answer 14

the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language

Question 15

What are Norms?

Answer 15

rules and expectations that guides the behaviour of society’s members

Question 16

What are Mores?

Answer 16

norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance

Question 17

What are Folkways?

Answer 17

norms for routine or casual interaction

Question 18

What are Laws?

Answer 18

systems of rules recognized and enforced by governing institutions

Question 19

What is Social Control?

Answer 19

attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviours

Question 20

What is Technology?

Answer 20

knowledge that people use to make their way of life in their surroundings

Question 21

What is High Culture?

Answer 21

cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite

Question 22

What is Popular Culture?

Answer 22

cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population

Question 23

What is Subculture?

Answer 23

cultural patterns that set apart some segments of a society’s population

Question 24

What is Multiculturalism?

Answer 24

a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of Canada and promoting equal standings for all cultural traditions

Question 25

What is Counterculture?

Answer 25

cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society

Question 26

What is Cultural Integration?

Answer 26

the close relationships of various elements of a cultural system

Question 27

What is Cultural Lag?

Answer 27

the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly the others, disrupting a cultural sytem

Question 28

What is Ethnocentrism?

Answer 28

the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture

Question 29

What is Cultural Relativism?

Answer 29

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Question 30

What is Cultural Universals?

Answer 30

traits that are part of every known culture

Question 31

How does the Structural-functional Theory view Culture?

Answer 31

a relatively stable system built on core values & all cultural patterns play some part in the ongoing operations of society

Question 32

How does the Social-conflict Theory view Culture?

Answer 32

a dynamic arena of inequality and conflict & cultural patterns benefit some categories of people more than others

Question 33

What does the Feminist Theory highlight about Culture?

Answer 33

culture is "gendered" by dividing some activities between the sexes in ways that give men greater power and privileges than women have