Presence of viruses in the blood. Viremia can lead to widespread infection in the body.

Chapter 2 Disease and Disorders Flashcards by Noah McFarlane

List seven general causes of disease

Infectious
Genetic (congenital, anomaly)
Traumatic
Degenerative
Neoplastic
Metabolic
Inflammatory/autoimmune

These categories help in understanding the origin and nature of various diseases.

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List four general types of microorganisms

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa

These microorganisms can cause various diseases and infections.

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What does ‘acute’ mean in the context of diseases?

Having a short and relatively severe course.

Acute diseases often require immediate medical attention.

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What does ‘chronic’ mean in the context of diseases?

Persisting over a long period.

Chronic diseases often require long-term management.

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Define ‘virulence’

The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism.

Virulence is a key factor in determining the severity of an infection.

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What are ‘pathogenic microorganisms’?

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa

These are microorganisms capable of causing disease.

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What is ‘bacteremia’?

Presence of bacteria in the blood.

Bacteremia can lead to serious infections if not treated promptly.

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What does ‘nosocomial’ mean?

Relating to a disease acquired in a hospital.

Nosocomial infections are a significant concern in healthcare settings.

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What does ‘idiopathic’ refer to?

A disease with an unknown cause.

Idiopathic conditions present challenges in treatment and management.

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Define ‘neoplasm’

Any new abnormal growth.

Neoplasms can be benign or malignant.

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What is the term for inflammation of the skin?

-itis

This suffix is commonly used in medical terminology to denote inflammation.

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What does ‘malignant’ mean?

Tending to become worse, spread, and possibly cause death.

Malignant conditions require aggressive treatment.

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What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign: Does not spread or invade surrounding tissue
Malignant: Tends to spread and invade surrounding tissue

Understanding the nature of tumors is critical in cancer treatment.

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Fill in the blank: The term for a disease caused by a virus is _______

viral infection

Viral infections can affect various systems in the body.

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What does the prefix ‘micro-‘ signify?

Small

This prefix is commonly used in microbiology.

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What is the definition of ‘toxicemia’?

Presence of toxins in the blood.

Toxicemia can result from various sources, including infections.

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What does ‘bacteriostatic’ mean?

Inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Bacteriostatic agents are used in treating bacterial infections.

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What does the suffix ‘-opathy’ mean?

Condition of disease.

This suffix is often used in medical terminology to describe various diseases.

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What does ‘sepsis’ mean?

A life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to infection.

Sepsis requires immediate medical intervention.

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What does ‘antiseptic’ refer to?

Substances that prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

Antiseptics are commonly used in wound care.

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What is the term for an infection caused by a parasite?

Parasitic infection

Parasitic infections can lead to various health issues, depending on the type of parasite.

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Fill in the blank: The medical term for a stone is _______

lith

Lithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the body.

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What does ‘-phobia’ signify in medical terminology?

Irrational fear.

Phobias can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.

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What does the prefix ‘path(o)-‘ refer to?

Disease

This prefix is essential in understanding medical conditions.

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What is 'dermatomycosis'?

A fungal infection of the skin. ## Footnote Dermatophyte infections are common types of dermatomycosis.

Define 'viremia'

Presence of viruses in the blood. ## Footnote Viremia can lead to widespread infection in the body.

What does 'autoimmunity' mean?

The immune system attacking the body's own tissues. ## Footnote Autoimmune diseases can affect various organs and systems.

What is the role of 'antibiotics'?

To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. ## Footnote Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.

What does 'contagious' mean?

Capable of being transmitted from one person to another. ## Footnote Contagious diseases require careful management to prevent outbreaks.

What does the combining form phag(o) mean?

eat, ingest ## Footnote Related suffixes include -phagia, -phagic, and -phagy (eating, swallowing)

What does the combining form plas(o) refer to?

formation or development ## Footnote Related suffix is -plasia

What does the combining form scler(o) indicate?

hard ## Footnote Related suffix is -sclerosis (hardening)

What does the suffix -algia signify?

pain

What does the suffix -ectasia refer to?

dilation (dilatation)

What does the suffix -edema mean?

swelling

Which combining forms refer to colors? List them.

* alb(o), albino(o), leuk(o), leuc(o) - white * chlor(o) - green * cyan(o) - blue * erythr(o) - red * melan(o) - black * xanth(o) - yellow

What is the meaning of the term albinism?

A genetic condition characterized by a lack of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes

What does the term cyanosis refer to?

A bluish discoloration of the skin due to insufficient oxygen

What does the suffix -megaly indicate?

enlargement

What is the meaning of the term metastasis?

The movement of cells from their primary location

What does the suffix -rrhage signify?

hemorrhage

What does the suffix -rrhea mean?

flow or discharge

Fill in the blank: The term _______ refers to the process of visual examination.

scopy

What does the combining form scop(o) mean?

to examine, to view

What are the three vital signs measured during a physical examination?

* Respirations * Pulse * Body temperature

List the techniques of physical examination.

* Inspection * Auscultation * Percussion * Palpation

What is the purpose of a biopsy?

Examination of tissue from a living body

What is the purpose of an autopsy?

Study of organs and tissues of a dead body

What does the term lymphedema refer to?

Swelling due to lymph fluid accumulation

What does the suffix -ectomy mean?

excision (surgical removal)

Which suffix means 'surgical puncture to remove fluid'?

-centesis

What does the term rhinoplasty refer to?

Surgical repair of the nose

Which term refers to the formation of an opening?

-stomy

What does the combining form electro- refer to?

electricity

What does the combining form chem(o) indicate?

chemical

What is the meaning of the term electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A record of the electrical activity of the heart

What does the term sonography refer to?

Ultrasound imaging

What does the combining form narc(o) refer to?

stupor

What does the suffix -therapy signify?

treatment

What does the combining form toxic(o) mean?

poison

What does the term fluoroscopy refer to?

Real-time imaging using fluoroscopy

What does the term computed tomography (CT) refer to?

A diagnostic imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed images of the body

What is the meaning of the term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

A medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of organs and tissues

What does the suffix '-tomy' mean?

Incision ## Footnote This term is often used in surgical contexts.

What does the suffix '-tripsy' indicate?

Surgical crushing ## Footnote This term typically refers to the process of breaking down stones or similar structures.

What is a colonoscope?

A medical instrument used to examine the colon ## Footnote This device is essential in procedures like colonoscopy.

What is blepharoplasty?

Surgical repair of the eyelids ## Footnote This procedure is commonly performed for cosmetic or functional reasons.

What instrument is referred to as an osteotome?

A surgical instrument used to cut bone ## Footnote Osteotomes are essential in orthopedic surgeries.

What does the term 'angioplasty' mean?

Plastic surgery on vessels ## Footnote This procedure is often used to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels.

What is the definition of pharmacotherapy?

Treatment of diseases with medicine (drugs) ## Footnote Pharmacotherapy is a critical aspect of modern medicine.

What is the meaning of 'OTC drugs'?

Obtained without prescription ## Footnote These are over-the-counter medications available to the public.

What does 'NPO' stand for in medical terms?

Nil per os ## Footnote This indicates that a patient should not take anything by mouth.

What does the abbreviation 'b.i.d.' mean?

Bis in die (twice a day) ## Footnote This is a common instruction in medication dosing.

What does 'MRSA' stand for?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ## Footnote MRSA is a type of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.

What is the difference between 'sign' and 'symptom'?

Sign is an objective finding; symptom is a subjective experience ## Footnote Understanding this distinction is crucial for diagnosis.

Fill in the blank: A __________ is a surgical procedure to create an opening.

Stomy ## Footnote This term is used in various surgical contexts, such as colostomy.

What does the suffix '-plasty' refer to?

Surgical repair or reconstruction ## Footnote Commonly used in procedures like rhinoplasty or mammoplasty.

What is the difference between iatrogenic and idiopathic conditions?

Iatrogenic is caused by medical treatment; idiopathic has no known cause ## Footnote These terms are important in understanding patient diagnoses.

What does 'stat.' mean in medical terminology?

Immediately ## Footnote This term is used to indicate urgency in medical orders.

Chapter 2 Disease and Disorders Flashcards

(79 cards)