Chapter 2- DNA Structure Flashcards
(19 cards)
________ stroes genetic info and hoe is it passed to daughter cells
DNA stores genetic information and is passed to daughter cells through dividing via replication
What is central dogma
The passing of info from dna to rna by transcription and then to protein by translation is callled cemtral dogma
Whats the dna model we use now
Watson and crick
What does the primary structure of dna have and how does it form sec pr ter
It has a sugar phosphate bacbones attached to nitrogenous bases attached to them and aggregation happens to form sec and then tertiary.
What has phosphate and what has base and whats the carbon thats diff and how
Phosphate is attachex to 5th carbon and 1st carbon has base and 2nd carbon has o in rna and no o in dna.
Whats a nucleotide
A sugar phosphate backbone with a base attaches
What are the two types of bases
Pyramidines are cytosines, thymine and uracil that have one cyclic ring and purine is adenine and gusnine containing two cyclic rings
Whats deamination and what does it cause
It causes mutation of A to G by removal of amine group and addition of O. Also of pyramidines by removal of amine group from c to and addition of o to form U and further addition if methyl group to form thymine
What are nucleosides and how can they be converted into nculeotides
They dont have phosphste bhut have everything else and by adding phosphate they can be converted to nucleotides.
What are mono di and tri phosphates and by what
Addition kf single double or triple phosphates by high energy bonds
What are the differences between dna and rna
Dna is double stranded and rna is single
Dna has deoxyribose rna has ribose
Dna has no u and t instead however rna has u instead of t
Phosphodiesterbond is in which direction and dna synthesis in which
3’-5’ ; 5’-3’
A and t has how many bonds and g and c how many and who requires more energy and why
At has two bonds and gc have three and gc take more to breakdown because more bonds
Whats chargaffs rule
A = t and g = c in percentage
Dna binds in ________ manner
Antipsrellel
What forms of dna
Dna has A form that can be dehydrated into b form and b form is 99.9%. Of dna in humans and z form is the one thats having regulatory proterties.
What breaks between dna and how
Hydrogen bonds betwenen dna strands and by denaturing at high temp or alter8ng the ph.
What is melting temp and how can dna be repaured
It is at which half of dna is denatured and by cooling
Whats the diff between promaryotic dna and eukaryotic
Prokaryotic dna is circular small and ds dns that has no membrane bounded organelles. Dna is bound by non histone proteins to form nucloid. They also have plasmids that may replicate and store info just like dna.
Eukaryotes are dsdna which is linear which is bounded by membrane bound organelles and also dna is wrapped in non histone and histone proteins (h2A; H2B; H3 and H4) to form nucleosome which is an example of chromatin.
