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GRE Psychology Subject Test Review > Chapter 2: Experimental: Language (3-4% > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Experimental: Language (3-4% Flashcards

(52 cards)

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0
Q

Psycholingusitics

A

The study of the psychology of language

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1
Q

Language

A

Is the meaning arrangement of sounds.

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2
Q

Phonemes

A

Discrete sounds that make up words but carry no meaning

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3
Q

Phonics

A

Is the learning to read by sounding out the phonemes

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4
Q

Morphemes

A

Make up phonemes; the smallest units of meaning in language. Words / parts of words that have meaning are morphemes.
(Ex. boy and -ing)

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5
Q

Phrase

A

Is a group of words that when put together function as a single syntactic part of a sentence
(Ex. Walking the dog)

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6
Q

Syntax

A

The arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed by a particular language

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7
Q

Grammar

A

The overall rules of the interrelationship b/t morphemes and syntax that make up a certain language.

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8
Q

Morphology / Morphological Rules

A

Grammar rules; how to group morphemes

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9
Q

Prosody

A

Tone inflections, accents, and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning

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10
Q

Noam Chamsy

A

The most important figure in psycholinguistics

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11
Q

Transformational Grammar

A

Differentiates b/t surface structure and deep structure in language

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12
Q

Surface Structure

A

The way that words are organized

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13
Q

Deep Structure

A

The abstract representation that identifies the way a sentence can be analyzed and interpreted

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14
Q

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A

A hypothetical module of the human mind posited to account for children’s innate predisposition for language acquisition

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15
Q

Overextension

A

Is generalizing with names for things.

Ex. Young child call any furry thing a doggie

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16
Q

Telegraphic Speech

A

Refers to speech without the article or extras. (Ex. Me go)

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17
Q

Holophrastic Speech

A

Using one word to covey a whole sentence. (Ex. Me=give that to me)

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18
Q

Girls vs. Boys

A

Faster and more accurate with language.

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19
Q

Bilingual Children

A

Slower at language learning.

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20
Q

Alexia

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A

People who are unable to read.

21
Q

Agraphia

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A

People who are unable to write but have no problem speaking or understanding speech.

22
Q

Overregularization

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A

The overapplication of grammar rules.

Ex. sleeps, founded

23
Q

Overextension

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A

Is generalizing w/ names for things

Young child call any furry thing a doggie

24
Telegraphic Speech
Refers to speech w/o the article or extras | Ex. Me go
25
Holophrastic Speech
Using one word to convey a whole sentence | EX. Me=give that to me
26
Girls vs Boys
Girls learn faster and more accurate w/ language
27
Bilingual Children
Slower at language learning
28
Reading and Writing
Alexia- people who are unable to read; agraphia or write have no problem speaking or understanding speech
29
Language Acquisition Milestones
1yr-speck first word(s) 2yr- > 50 spoken words, usually in two-(and than three) word phrases 3yr- 1,000 words vocabulary, but use has many grammatical errors 4yr- grammar problems & random exceptions
30
Benjamin Whorf (Hopi Language): Whorfian Hypothesis
Posited that language, or how a culture says things, influences that culture perspective -Unclear to what extent language really affects our perceptions
31
Roger Brown
Researched the area of social, developmental, and linguistic psychology. -Found that children's understanding of grammatical rules develop as they hypotheses about how syntax words and than self-correct w/ experience
32
Katherine Nelson
Found that language really brings to develop w/ the onset of active speech rather than during the first year of only listening
33
William Labov
Studied ebonics and found that it had its own complex internal structure
34
Lev Vygotsky & Alexander Luria
Studied that development of word meaning & found them to be complex and altered by interpersonal experience. -Also, the asserted that language is a tool involved in (not just the byproduct) the development of abstract thinking.
35
Charles Osgood
Studied semantics or word meaning
36
Semantic Differential Chart
Allowed people to plot the meanings of words on graphs (like near "good" but dar from "relaxed"). Results = people w/ similar backgrounds and interest plotted words similarly
37
Language
The meaning arrangement of sounds.
38
Psycholinguistics
Is the study of the psychology of language
39
Phonemes
Discrete sounds that make up words that carry no meaning. | -Phonics: is the learning to read by sounding out the phonemes.
40
Morphemes
Make up of phonemes; the smallest units of meaning in language. Words / parts of words that have meaning are morphemes. (Ex. Boy & ING)
41
Phrase
Is a group of words that when put together function as a single syntactic part of a sentence. (Ex. Walking the dog)
42
Syntax
The arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed by a particular language
43
Grammar
The overall rules of the interrelationship b/t morphemes & syntax that make up a certain language.
44
Morphology / Morphological Rules
Grammar rules; how to group morphemes.
45
Prosody
Tone inflections, accents, and other aspects of pronunciation that carry meaning
46
Noam Chomsky
The most important figure in psycholinguistics
47
Transformational Grammar
Differentiates b/t surface structure & deep structure in language.
48
Surface Structure
The way that words are organized
49
Deep Structure
The abstract representation that identifies the way a sentence can be analyzed and interpreted
50
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
A hypothetical module of the human mind posited to account for children's innate predisposition for language acquisition
51
Overregularization
The overapplication of grammar rules | Ex. Sheeps, founded

GRE Psychology Subject Test Review (4 decks)

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