Chapter 2 Flashcards (Unit 1)

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

It refers to anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

What are the three states that matter exists in?

Answer 2

Solid, Liquid, and Gas

Question 3

What basic substance(s) is matter composed of?

Answer 3

Elements

Question 4

What is an element?

Answer 4

It is a substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances with different property

Question 5

What two kinds of properties are there?

Answer 5

Chemica/Physical

Question 6

How many naturally occuring elements are there?

Answer 6

92

Question 7

What are the elemnts that are basic to life?

Answer 7

CHNOPS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur)

Question 8

What was John Dalton’s discovery?

Answer 8

Atoms

Question 9

What is an atom?

Answer 9

It is the smallest unit of matter. Atoms make up elements, and display the properties of elements as well

Question 10

What is the atomic symbol used for?

Answer 10

It is used to depict the name of the element

Question 11

What are the subatomic particles inside an atom

Answer 11

Electrons, Protons, Neutrons

Question 12

Where are the subatomic particles located?

Answer 12

Protons and Neutrons are located within the nucleus, Electrons move around the nucleus.

Question 13

What is the electron shell?

Answer 13

It is the average location of the electrons

Question 14

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 14

The atomic number represents the number of protons/electrons within a particular element

Question 15

What is the mass number of the atom dependent on?

Answer 15

It is dependent on the number of subatomic particles in that atom

Question 16

What is the mass number?

Answer 16

It is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 17

Who developed the periodic table?

Answer 17

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 18

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 18

It is the average of the AMU for all of the isotopes of the atom

Question 19

What are isotopes?

Answer 19

They are the atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutronss

Question 20

How can the radiation that is given off by various radioactive isotopes be detected?

Answer 20

Geiger counter is an instrument that is commonly used

Question 21

What is a tracer?

Answer 21

A small amount of radioactive isotope that is used to detect molecular changes

Question 22

What is one medical application of highly radioactive substances?

Answer 22

Sterilization (like cleaning)

Question 23

What is the bohr model in the electron?

Answer 23

The electrons shells about the nucleus also represent energy levels

Question 24

What is the outermost shell called?

Answer 24

The valence shell

Question 25

When does a compound exist?

Answer 25

A compound exists when two or more elements have bonded together

Question 26

What is a molecule?

Answer 26

The smallest part of a compound that still has the properties of the particular compound

Question 27

What information does a formula give?

Answer 27

It tells you the number of each kind of atom in a molecule

Question 28

What do spontaneous chemical reactions release?

Answer 28

They release energy

Question 29

What is an ion?

Answer 29

It is a partice that has a charge (due to electron transfer)

Question 30

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 30

It is the bond between a negatively and positively charged ion

Question 31

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 31

It is a bond that occurs when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in the outer shell

Question 32

How many electrons does hydrogen require to complete it's outer level?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

When does a non polar occur?

Answer 33

When the sharing of electrons between two atoms (in a covelent bond) is equal

Question 34

What is electronegativey dependent on?

Answer 34

On the number of protons-the greater the number of protons, the greater the electronegativity

Question 35

What is a polar covalent bond?

Answer 35

It is a covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally

Question 36

What is the shape of water/ all organic molecules necessary for?

Answer 36

It is necessary to the strutural and functional roles they plan in living things (Lock-key)

Question 37

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 37

The attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative atom in the vicinity

Question 38

What are some properties of water? (list 4) - It has high heat capacity - High heat of evaporation - Water is a solvent - Water molecules are cohesive and adhesive

Question 39

What does water's high heat of evaporation allow animals living in hot enviromnents to do?

Answer 39

It gives them a way to cool themselves

Question 40

What is cohesion?

Answer 40

It is the ability of water to cling to eachother due to hydrogen bonding?

Question 41

What is adhesion?

Answer 41

Refers tot he ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces

Question 42

Is frozen water more/less dense than liquid?

Answer 42

LEss

Question 43

What are acids?

Answer 43

They are substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 44

The acidity of a substance depends on....

Answer 44

How fully it dissociates

Question 45

What are some examples of acidic substances?

Answer 45

Lemon juice,vinegar, tomatoes, and coffee

Question 46

What are bases?

Answer 46

They are substances that either take up hydrgen ions (H+) or relase hydroxide (OH-) ions

Question 47

What are some examples of bases?

Answer 47

Milk of magnesia and ammonia

Question 48

What is the pH scale?

Answer 48

It is used to indicate the acidity or basicity of a solution

Question 49

How far does the pH scale run?

Answer 49

1-14

Question 50

What is a buffer?

Answer 50

It is a combination of chemicals that keeps pH within normal limits