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CNA > Chapter 2 - Foundations of Resident Care > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Foundations of Resident Care Flashcards

1
Q

Objective information

A
  • What a person can see

(using 4 senses:
sight, touch, smell, and hearing)

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2
Q

Subjective information

A
  • based on what the resident reports/feels

- Also called, symptoms.

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3
Q

What is INCONTINENCE?

A

The inability to control bladder or bowel movements

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4
Q

How do you explain/guide residents where objects are?

A

Using an imaginary clock

Ex. “Mrs. Smith, there is a sofa at 7 o’clock”

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5
Q

What are BODY MECHANICS?

A

The way the parts of the body work together when a person moves

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6
Q

WHY do we use body mechanics?

A
  • saves energy

- prevents injury

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7
Q

Where should your CENTER OF GRAVITY be when lifting something?

A

Low

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8
Q

What is a FALL?

A

Any sudden, uncontrollable descent from a higher to a lower level, with or without injury.

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9
Q

What is a SCALD?

A

A burn cause by hot liquids

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10
Q

What are ABRASIONS?

A

Injuries that rubs the surface of the skin off.

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11
Q

WHERE do cuts &/or abrasions usually happen?

A

Bathrooms

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12
Q

What is OSHA?

A
  • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration

- makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

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13
Q

What is a SDS?

A
  • Safety Data Sheet

- details the product’s chemical ingredients, dangers, handling, disposal, etc.

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14
Q

Fire extinguisher - explain PASS

A
  • Pull the pin
  • Aim at the base of the fire
  • Squeeze the handle
  • Sweep back and forth at the base of the fire
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15
Q

In case of fire, RACE

A
  • Remove anyone from danger
  • Activate the alarm or call 911
  • Contain fire if possible by closing all doors and windows
  • Extinguish the fire
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16
Q

2 STEPS for MEDICAL EMERGENCIES:

A
  1. Assess the situation

2. Assess the victim

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17
Q

Universal sign for CHOKING?

A

Hands on throat

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18
Q

When should you do ABDOMINAL THRUSTS?

A
  • When someone is showing signs of a severely obstructed airway

Ex. Inability to talk, breath, or cough

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19
Q

CYANOTIC skin

A
  • Blue-tinged skin

- from lack of oxygen

20
Q

How do you PREFORM ABDOMINAL THRUSTS?

A
  1. Stand behind the person. Place your arms underneath their arms & around their waist.
  2. Make a fist with one hand and place it flat with the thumb side of the hand against their abdomen. Below the breastbone, above the navel.
  3. With the other hand, grasp the fist. Now quickly and forcefully pull in and up.
  4. Repeat this motion until the object is pushed out or the person loses consciousness.
  5. Report and document incident.
21
Q

What should you do when someone becomes UNCONSCIOUS while CHOKING?

A
  • Placed on the floor gently, supine position.

- Begin CPR immediately

22
Q

What is SHOCK?

A

When organs and tissues in the body do not receive an enough blood supply

23
Q

What are SYMPTOMS of SHOCK?

A
  • Pale or cyanotic skin
  • Staring
  • Increased pulse and respiration rates
  • low blood pressure
  • extreme thirst
24
Q

How should you RESPOND to someone going into SHOCK?

A
  1. Notify the nurse immediately.
  2. If bleeding, put gloves on and control the bleeding.
  3. Lay the person down supine position unless they are vomiting or bleeding from the mouth. Elevate the legs 8-12 inches to slow the bleeding, unless there is injury or fracture.
  4. If possible, check pulse and respiratory rates.
  5. Keep the patient calm and comfortable.
  6. Maintain a normal body temperature.
  7. Do NOT give the person any food or liquids.
  8. Report and document incident.
25
Q

What is a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)?

A
  • Heart Attack

- When the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because the blood vessels are blocked

26
Q

What are SYMPTOMS of a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?

A
  • Sudden, severe chest pain
  • Dyspnea - difficulty breathing
  • Cyanotic skin
  • Dizziness
  • Perspiration
  • Cold, clammy skin
  • Low blood pressure
  • Weak, irregular heart beat
27
Q

How do you RESPOND to a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?

A
  1. Notify the nurse immediately.
  2. Place the person in a comfortable position. Encourage to rest, reassure they will not be left alone.
  3. Loosen clothing around neck.
  4. Do not give the person any food or liquids.
  5. Monitor pulse and respiration rate. Is either stops, begin CPR if trained and allowed to do so.
  6. Stay with the person until help arrives.
  7. Report and document incident.
28
Q

How do you RESPOND to SEVERE BLEEDING?

A
  1. Notify the nurse immediately.
  2. Put gloves on.
  3. Hold a thick sterile pad or a clean cloth or towel against the wound.
  4. Apply direct pressure until help arrives. Do NOT decrease pressure. Put additional pads if blood soaks through the first pad. DO NOT LIFT FIRST PAD.
  5. If possible, raise the wound above heart level to slow the bleeding.
  6. If bleeding is under control, wrap and secure the dressings. Check for symptoms of shock & stay with the person until help arrives.
  7. Remove and discard gloves. Wash hands.
  8. Report and document incident.
29
Q

How do you TREAT a MINOR BURN?

A
  1. Notify the nurse immediately. GLOVES ON.
  2. Use cool, clean water to decrease the skin temperature and prevent further injury. DO NOT use ice, ice water, ointment, or grease. Dampen a clean cloth with cool water and place it on the burn.
  3. With a dry, clean dressing or non-adhesive sterile bandage, cover the burn.
  4. Remove and discard gloves. Wash hands.
30
Q

How to RESPOND to SERIOUS BURNS?

A
  1. Remove person from the source of the burn.
  2. Notify the nurse immediately. GLOVES ON.
  3. Check for pulse, breathing, and severe bleeding. Begin CPR if trained and allowed to do so.
  4. Do NOT use ointment, water, salve, or grease. Do NOT remove cloths from the burned area. Cover burn with sterile gauze or a clean sheet.
  5. Monitor vital signs and wait for emergent medical help.
  6. Remove and discard gloves, wash hands.
  7. Report and document incident.
31
Q

What is SYNCOPE?

Why does it happen?

A
  • Syncope = fainting

- occurs when there is decreased blood flow to the brain, causing loss of consciousness.

32
Q

How do you RESPOND to FAINTING?

A
  1. Notify the nurse immediately.
  2. Have the person sit of lay down before fainting occurs.
  3. If sitting, bend forward and place their head between knees. If laying down, elevate legs.
  4. Loosen any tight clothing.
  5. Have person stay in this position for at least 5 minutes after symptoms disappear.
  6. Help person get up slowly & continue to observe for my symptoms of fainting.
  7. If person faints, lay the person down and elevate legs 8-12 inches. Check for breathing.
  8. Report and document incident
33
Q

What is an INSULIN REACTION?

A
  • Hypoglycemia

- can result from too much insulin or too little food.

34
Q

What is DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)?

A
  • happens when you have too little insulin
35
Q

What are some SIGNS/SYMPTOMS from DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS?

A
  • Increased hunger
  • Increased thirst
  • Increased urination
  • Abdominal pain
  • Breath that smells sweat or fruity
36
Q

How should you RESPOND to a SEIZURE?

A
  1. Note the time. GLOVES ON.
  2. Lower the person to the floor and loosen tight clothing. Try to turn the persons head to the side to lower risk of choking.
  3. Have someone call the nurse immediately or use call light. Do no leave the person except if you need to get medical help.
  4. Move furniture away to prevent injury. If a pillow is available, put it under the head.
  5. DO NOT restrain the person.
  6. Do NOT force anything between the person’s teeth. Do NOT place your hands in the person’s mouth.
  7. Do not give any food or liquids.
  8. When the seizure is over, note the time & turn the person’s head to the left side if not suspected injury. Check breathing and pulse. If no respirations or pulse is found, begin CPR if trained and allowed to do so.
  9. Remove and discard gloves. Wash hands.
  10. Report and document incident.
37
Q

What is a CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)?

A
  • Stroke

- when blood supply to the brain is blocked, or blood vessel leaks or rupture in the brain.

38
Q

Early treatment may ________ the severity of a stroke.

A

reduce

39
Q

What is a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)?

A
  • A warning sign of CVA
  • result of temporary lack of blood supply to the brain
  • symptoms may last up to 24 hours
40
Q

What is HEMIPLEGIA?

A

Paralysis on one side of the body

41
Q

What is HEMIPARESIS?

A

Numbness or weakness on one side of the body

42
Q

What is EXPRESSIVE APHASIA?

A

Slurred speech or inability to speak

43
Q

What is RECEPTIVE APHASIA?

A

Inability is understand spoken or written words.

44
Q

How do you remember the signs of a STROKE?

A

F.A.S.T.

(F)ace - drooping? Numb?
(A)rms - one arm numb or weak?
(S)peech - slurred? Inability?
(T)ime - NOTE THE TIME!!! Must respond to quickly.

45
Q

What is EMESIS?

A
  • vomiting

- ejecting stomach contents through the mouth or nose

46
Q

How to RESPOND to VOMITING?

A
  1. Notify the nurse immediately.
  2. GLOVES ON

3.

CNA (3 decks)

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