Chapter 2 General Anatomy And Physiology

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

(Microscopic anatomy) the study of tiny structures found in tissues.

Question 2

Flexor

Answer 2

An extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing the wrist.

Question 3

Abductor

Answer 3

A muscle that separates the fingers and toes.

Question 4

Abductor digiti minimi

Answer 4

A muscle of the foot that separates the toes.

Question 5

Adductor

Answer 5

The muscles at the base of each finger that draws the fingers together.

Question 6

Adipose tissue

Answer 6

Technical term for fat; gives smoothness and contour to the body.

Question 7

Anabolism

Answer 7

Constructive metabolism; the process of combining smaller molecules to build longer and more complex molecules.

Question 8

Anatomy

Answer 8

The study of the human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye as well as what the body is made up of; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.

Question 9

Anterior tibial artery

Answer 9

Supplies blood to the lowers leg muscles and to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and to the muscles and skin and adjacent sides of the first and second toes. This artery becomes the Dorsalis Pedis Artery.

Question 10

Aorta

Answer 10

The largest artery in the body. The arterial trunk that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries throughout the body.

Question 11

Artery

Answer 11

Thick-walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries.

Question 12

Atrium

Answer 12

One of the two upper chambers of the heart, through which blood is pumped to the ventricles.

Question 13

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 13

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles and regulates the action of smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heat.

Question 14

Capillary

Answer 14

A tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that connects to smaller arteries to the veins.

Question 15

Catabolism

Answer 15

The phase of metabolism in which larger, more complex molecules are broken down within the cells to create smaller, simpler molecules.

Question 16

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 16

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.

Question 17

Common peroneal nerve

Answer 17

A division of the sciatic nerve that extends from behind the knee to wind around the head of the fibula to the front of the leg, where it divides into 2 branches.

Question 18

Connective tissue

Answer 18

Fibrous tissue that binds together and protects, and supports, the various parts of the body. (Ex: bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, and fat)

Question 19

Deep peroneal nerve

Answer 19

(Anterior tibial nerve) extends down the front of the leg, behind the muscles. It supplies impulses to these muscles and also to the muscles and skin on the top of the foot and adjacent sides of the 1st and 2ed toes.

Question 20

Deltoid

Answer 20

A large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.

Question 21

Dendrites

Answer 21

Treelike branches of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell; short nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons.

Question 22

Digestive enzyme

Answer 22

A chemical that changes certain types of food into a form that can be used by the body.

Question 23

Digestive system

Answer 23

The mouth, stomach, intestines, and salivary and gastric glands that change food into nutrients and waste. (Gastrointestinal system)

Question 24

Physiology

Answer 24

The study of the structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of. Detail of organisms and their parts.

Question 25

Epithelial tissue

Answer 25

Protective covering on body surfaces. (Ex: skin, mucous membranes, tissue inside the mouth, lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands)

Question 26

Muscle tissue

Answer 26

Contracts and moves various parts of the body.

Question 27

Nerve tissue

Answer 27

Carries messages through the central nervous system (CNS) to control and coordinate all bodily functions.

Question 28

Circulatory

Answer 28

Heart with blood vessels: controls the steady circulation of blood through the body.

Question 29

Excretory

Answer 29

Kidneys and bladder: purifies the body eliminating waste matter.

Question 30

Integumentary

Answer 30

Spleen and lymph: protects the body from disease by developing resistances and destroying disease-causing toxins, foreign material, and bacteria.

Question 31

Humerus

Answer 31

The uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from below the elbow to the shoulder.

Question 32

Phalanges

Answer 32

Bones of the fingers or toes, or digits.

Question 33

Striated muscles

Answer 33

(Skeletal muscles) attached to the bones and are voluntary or consciously controlled. Maintain body posture and protects some internal organs.

Question 34

Extensors

Answer 34

Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line.

Question 35

Pronators

Answer 35

Muscles that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.

Question 36

Supinator

Answer 36

Muscles of the forearm that rotates the radius (forearm) outward and the palm upward.

Question 37

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 37

Bends the foot up and extends the toes.

Question 38

Tibialis anterior

Answer 38

Covers the front of the shin. It bends the foot upward and inward.

Question 39

Peroneus longus

Answer 39

Covers the outer side of the calf and inverts the foot and turns it outward

Question 40

Peroneus brevis

Answer 40

Originates on the lower surface of the tubular. It bends the foot down and out.

Question 41

Gastoncnemius

Answer 41

Attached to the lower surface of the heel and pulls the foot down.

Question 42

Soleus

Answer 42

Originated at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down.

Question 43

Tibial nerve

Answer 43

Division of the sciatic nerve, passes behind the knee. It subdivides and supplies impulses to the knee, calf muscles, skin of the leg, sole, heel, and underside of the toes.

Question 44

Superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 44

(Musculocutaneous nerve) extends down the leg, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the muscles and the skin of the leg, as well as to the skin and toes on the top of the foot where it is called the dorsal nerve.

Question 45

Dorsal nerve

Answer 45

A nerve that extends up from the toes and foot, just under the skin, supplying impulses to the toes and foot, as well as the muscles and skin of the leg, where it becomes the superficial peroneal nerve.

Question 46

Saphenous nerve

Answer 46

Supplies impulses to the skin of the inner side of the leg and foot.

Question 47

Sural nerve

Answer 47

Supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg.

Question 48

Heart

Answer 48

The body’s pump. A muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.

Question 49

Pericardium

Answer 49

Made of epithelial tissue and gives protection against infection and provides lubrication for the heart.

Question 50

Valves

Answer 50

Structures that temporarily close a passage to permit blood flow in only one direction.

Question 51

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 51

Sends blood from the heat to the lungs to be purified. Then back to the heart again.

Question 52

Systemic circulation

Answer 52

(General circulation) carries blood from the heart through the body and back to the heart.

Question 53

Tricuspid valve

Answer 53

The heart valve that prevents back flow between the right atrium and right ventricle.

Question 54

Mitral valve

Answer 54

(Buchner valve) separates the two chambers on the left side of the heart. It permits blood to fall from the left atrium into the ventricle when the atrium contracts. When the atrium relaxes, the valve closes to prevent the blood from backing up into the atrium and from there, the lungs.

Question 55

How much of the body’s weight is blood?

Answer 55

8-10 pints, about 1/20th of the body’s weight.

Question 56

Veins

Answer 56

Thin-walled blood vessels that are less flexible that arteries. They contain cup like valves that prevent backflow and carry blood containing waste products from the capillaries back to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen. (Located closer to the outer skin surface of the body)

Question 57

Red blood cells

Answer 57

Produced in the red bone marrow. They contain hemoglobin, and carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells and back to the lungs.

Question 58

Hemoglobin

Answer 58

An iron-containing protein that temporarily binds with oxygen.

Question 59

White blood cells

Answer 59

(Leukocytes) preform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms.

Question 60

Platelets

Answer 60

Smaller than red blood cells, they contribute to blood clotting.

Question 61

Plasma

Answer 61

Fluid part of the blood, in which red and white blood cells and platelets flow. 90% water and also contains proteins and sugars.

Question 62

Popliteal artery

Answer 62

Supplies blood to the foot. Divides into 2 separate arteries knows as the anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery.

Question 63

Posterior tibial artery

Answer 63

Supplies blood to the ankles and back of the lower leg.

Question 64

Dorsalis pedis artery

Answer 64

Supplies the foot with blood.

Question 65

Lymphatic/immune system

Answer 65

Made of lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph vessels that act as an aid to the blood system.

Question 66

Pituitary gland

Answer 66

Most complex of the endocrine system. Affects almost every physiological process of the body: growth, blood pressure, contraction during child birth, breast milk production, sex organ function, thyroid gland function, and the conversion of food into energy.