Chapter 3: Skin Structures, Disorders, & Diseases

Question 1

Dermatology

Answer 1

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin, its nature, structures, functions, diseases, and treatment.

Question 2

Dermatologist

Answer 2

A physician engaged in the practice of treating the skin, including its structures, functions, and diseases.

Question 3

Callus

Answer 3

Repeated pressure on any part of the skin can cause it to thicken. It is a protective layer that prevents damage to the underlying skin.

Question 4

Epidermis

Answer 4

The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin.

Question 5

Stratum corneum

Answer 5

(Horny layer) the first line of defense against foreign substances and antigens (UV rays, pollution, allergens, viruses, bacteria, and undesirable topicals).

Question 6

Keratin

Answer 6

A fibrous protein that is also the principal component of hair and nails.

Question 7

Stratum lucidum

Answer 7

The clear, transparent layer just under the skin’s surface; consisting of small oval shaped cells that light can pass through.

Question 8

Stratum granulosum

Answer 8

(Grainy layer) consists of cells that look like small distinct granules. They are dying as they are pushed to the surface and will eventually replace the stratum corneum or dead skin cells as they are shed from the skins surface layer.

Question 9

Stratum spinosum

Answer 9

(Spiny layer) just above the basal layer. This is where the Langerhans cells reside. They are immune support cells.

Question 10

Stratum germinativum

Answer 10

(Basal layer) the deepest living layer of the epidermis. It produces new epidermal skin cells through the process of mitosis (cell division) to replace kartinized skin cells that are shed from the stratum corneum.

Question 11

Melanocytes

Answer 11

Column-shaped cells that produce melanosomes or pigmented granules containing melanin.

Question 12

Dermis

Answer 12

(True skin) inner layer of the skin, also called the derma, corium, or cutis.

Question 13

Arrector pili muscles

Answer 13

Tiny involuntary muscles at the base of the hair follicles that cause goosebumps.

Question 14

Papillary layer

Answer 14

The upper layer of the dermis located directly beneath the epidermis.

Question 15

Secretory nerve fibers

Answer 15

Distributed to the sweat and oil glands of the skin. They regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and controls the flow of sebum.

Question 16

Sudoriferous glands

Answer 16

Sweat glands of the skin.

Question 17

Appocrine glands

Answer 17

Usually associated with the hair follicles, scalp, underarms, and genitals. They secrete a fatty sweat.

Question 18

Eccrine glands

Answer 18

Major sweat glands of the body, found all over the skin.

Question 19

Vitamin A

Answer 19

Supports overall health of the skin and aids the health, function, and repair of skin cells.

Question 20

Vitamin C

Answer 20

Aids in immune support, and speeds up the healing process of the body. It is also
Important in fighting the aging process.

Question 21

Vitamin D

Answer 21

Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, which is needed for proper bone development and maintenance. It also promotes healthy rapid healing of the skin and supports emotional brain health.

Question 22

Vitamin E

Answer 22

Helps protect the skin from harmful effects of the suns rays and slows the loss of elasticity and helps the healing of wounds.

Question 23

Vitamin K

Answer 23

Helps the body respond to injuries and it regulates normal blood clotting.

Question 24

Genetics are only responsible for __% of aging skin.

Answer 24

15%

Question 25

What might cause a a dull yellow or gray skin appearance?

Answer 25

Smoking and tobacco use.

Question 26

Secondary skin lesions

Answer 26

Piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or depressions in the skin’s surface, such as an ulcer.

Question 27

Hyperhidrosis

Answer 27

Excessive sweating with unknown causes.

Question 28

Dermatitis

Answer 28

Abnormal inflammatory condition of the skin.

Question 29

Eczema

Answer 29

An inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin.

Question 30

Cellulitus

Answer 30

A swollen, red area of the skin that feels hot and tender and can spread to other parts of the body, but not from person to person.

Question 31

Psoriasis

Answer 31

A skin disease characterized by red patches covered with sliver-white scales usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back.

Question 32

Evolution

Answer 32

When a mole evolves or changes; may include darkening or variations in color; it may hurt or itch, and may change shape or growth.

Question 33

Tinea Manus

Answer 33

Ringworm of the hand.

Question 34

Tinea Pedis

Answer 34

(Athlete’s foot) ringworm of the feet. Fungal.

Question 35

Contact dermatitis

Answer 35

Most common and avoidable skin disease, caused by continuous contact with irritating substances to the skin.

Question 36

Histamine

Answer 36

An immune response to contact allergens and irritants. It manifests in the skin as redness or rash-like appearance. Prolonged exposure can cause permanent allergic contact dermatitis.

Question 37

How long does it take enhancement products to cause an allergic reaction with repeated exposure.

Answer 37

4-6 months.

Question 38

30% of nail technicians will experience _______ during their career due to overexposure.

Answer 38

Adverse skin reactions or allergic reactions.