Chapter 2- Hardware Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
Motherboard
A
The largest circuit board in a personal computer
2
Q
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A
Microprocessor, the main processor of a computer. It is responsible for organizing and carrying out instructions to produce a desired output.
3
Q
Clock rate
A
Measures the frequency of speed at which it can process instructions. Measured in hertz.
4
Q
Memory
A
General term for electronic chips that store data and program instructions that can be accessed quickly by the CPU
5
Q
Random access memory (RAM)
A
Temporary workspace
6
Q
Read-Only memory (ROM)
A
A small chip that contains device-specific information.
7
Q
Firmware
A
Instructions on ROM
8
Q
Cache
A
A form of high-speed memory that stores a small, frequently used set of instructions and data. Located inside modern CPUs.
9
Q
Virtual memory
A
Portion of your hard drive that is used as RAM
10
Q
Drives
A
Devices that can read, write, and erase data
11
Q
Media
A
Physical locations where things are stored
12
Q
Bit
A
Most fundamental unit of computing
13
Q
Byte
A
A collection of eight bits
14
Q
Hard drive
A
The primary device of a personal computer
15
Q
Tape drives
A
Uses magnetic tape to store data, are popular for organizations that have large quantities of information to back up or archive
16
Q
Compact discs (CDs)
A
Capable of storing up to 700 MB of data.
17
Q
Digital versatile discs (DVDs)
A
Can store either 4.7 or 8.5 GB of data
18
Q
Blu-Ray (BD)
A
Typically stores 25-50 GB of data
19
Q
USB Flash Drive
A
Small storage stick that plugs into a USB port
20
Q
Memory cards
A
Used to store data in tablets, smartphones, and devices such as digital cameras and digital photo frames
21
Q
Solid state drives (SSDs)
A
Can be found as both internal and external drives
22
Q
System unit
A
Case that houses the computers critical parts, such as the processing and storage devices.
23
Q
Ergonomic keyboards
A
Designed to be comfortable and tailored for the human body, have angled keys and a palm rest at the base to keep your wrists straight
24
Q
Keyboard shortcuts
A
Keystrokes that can quickly perform an operation within software
25
Cursor
Insertion point, appears as a blinking vertical line
26
Optical mouse
The most common pointing device for desktop computers
27
Trackball
A pointing device that works like an upside down mouse. Requires less space than a mouse
28
Touchpad
A stationary, rectangular pointing surface that is typically found on laptop computers
29
Touchscreen
Accepts input by allowing the user to place a fingertip directly on the computer screen.
30
Stylus
A pen-like input tool that is used with a variety of touchscreen devices.
31
Graphics tablets
Offers extra-sensitive touch surfaces that translates an artists motions into drawings on the computer screen.
32
Scanner
A device that uses optical technology to convert objects that it analyzes into a digital format
33
Optical character recognition (OCR)
Can translate the document image into text that can be edited and formatted
34
Document feeder
A tray that allows you to scan several sheets of paper automatically
35
QR Code
Appears as a square filled with dots and lines.
36
RFID Tag
A tiny chip or label that contains electronically stored data.
37
Multimedia capabilities
Computers that are able to input and output sounds, music, images, and video
38
Speech recognition
Computers ability to recognize human speech
39
Digital cameras
Portable devices that electronically capture and store still images and videos
40
Megapixels
A unit of graphic resolution equivalent to one million pixels
41
Webcam
A small video camera, typically attached to a monitor that is commonly used for online video chats or conversations.
42
Videoconferencing
Voice and video communication that allows multiple individuals to hold meetings and converse over a network.
43
TV tuner
A device that can capture television signals for viewing on a computer
44
digital video recorders (DVR)
A device that allows you to record television shows for future playback
45
Game controller
An input device for a computer game
46
Biometrics
The measurement of patterns or characteristics found in the human body
47
Fingerprint scanners
A biometric technology that can detect the unique patterns and swirls of an individual's finger
48
Facial recognition
A biometric technology that looks for unique measurements in an individual's face
49
Pixels
Tiny dots on a display screen, each with its own unique address that the computer uses to locate it and control its appearance.
50
Resolution
The number of pixels that are displayed on the screen
51
Response time
The amount of time in milliseconds that it takes for a pixel to change from black to white
52
Contrast ratio
Measures how close the monitor can get to the brightest white and the darkest black
53
CRT monitors
Rarely used today, these large and bulky displays used cathode-ray tube (CRT) technology
54
LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor
A common type of flat panel monitor that contains a light source and a screen of special crystals aced in the monitor between the user and the light source
55
LED monitor
A thinner, lighter and more energy-efficient type of LCD monitor that is lit by a grid of tiny electronic lights called light emitting diodes
56
Video card
An intermediary device between the CPU and the monitor that contains a processor, video-dedicated memory and other circuitry
57
Graphic processing unit (GPU)
A video cards microprocessor
58
Sound card
A circuit board that converts sound from analog to digital form, & vice versa, for recording or playback.
59
Dots per inch (dpi)
A measurement of image quality for printers
60
Pages per minute (ppm)
Measures printer speed
61
Duplex inch
Ability to automatically prong to both sides of a piece of paper
62
Dot matrix printers
A printer that creases output by striking an inked ribbon against paper using metal pins
63
Inkjet printers
A type of printer that creates an image directly on the paper by spraying ink through tiny nozzles
64
Laser printers
Fast, high quality printer that creates output by using a laser that is aimed at a rotating drum
65
Multi functioning printer
Device that combines either inkjet or laser printing capabilities with scanning, photocopying and fixing capabilities
66
Dye-sub printers
Printer that uses a process where colored eyes are headed and then diffuse in specialty paper or other materials
67
Thermal printers
Printer that applies heat to special thermal paper, turning select areas black to produce text and basic graphics
68
3D printer
A printer that can creat 3D objects made of various materials
69
Digital projectors
Device that projects digital images and video into a large screen where they can be reviewed by an audience
70
Interactive whiteboard
A large screen that allows a user to interact with the images projected on it
71
Haptic feedback
The communication of vibration, motion, or physical resistance to a user; also called "haptics"
72
The largest circuit board in a personal computer
Motherboard
73
Microprocessor, the main processor of a computer. It is responsible for organizing and carrying out instructions to produce a desired output.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
74
Measures the frequency of speed at which it can process instructions. Measured in hertz.
Clock rate
75
General term for electronic chips that store data and program instructions that can be accessed quickly by the CPU
Memory
76
Temporary workspace
Random access memory (RAM)
77
A small chip that contains device-specific information.
Read-Only memory (ROM)
78
Instructions on ROM
Firmware
79
A form of high-speed memory that stores a small, frequently used set of instructions and data. Located inside modern CPUs.
Cache
80
Portion of your hard drive that is used as RAM
Virtual memory
81
Devices that can read, write, and erase data
Drives
82
Physical locations where things are stored
Media
83
Most fundamental unit of computing
Bit
84
A collection of eight bits
Byte
85
The primary device of a personal computer
Hard drive
86
Uses magnetic tape to store data, are popular for organizations that have large quantities of information to back up or archive
Tape drives
87
Capable of storing up to 700 MB of data.
Compact discs (CDs)
88
Can store either 4.7 or 8.5 GB of data
Digital versatile discs (DVDs)
89
Typically stores 25-50 GB of data
Blu-Ray (BD)
90
Small storage stick that plugs into a USB port
USB Flash Drive
91
Used to store data in tablets, smartphones, and devices such as digital cameras and digital photo frames
Memory cards
92
Can be found as both internal and external drives
Solid state drives (SSDs)
93
Case that houses the computers critical parts, such as the processing and storage devices.
System unit
94
Designed to be comfortable and tailored for the human body, have angled keys and a palm rest at the base to keep your wrists straight
Ergonomic keyboards
95
Keystrokes that can quickly perform an operation within software
Keyboard shortcuts
96
Insertion point, appears as a blinking vertical line
Cursor
97
The most common pointing device for desktop computers
Optical mouse
98
A pointing device that works like an upside down mouse. Requires less space than a mouse
Trackball
99
A stationary, rectangular pointing surface that is typically found on laptop computers
Touchpad
100
Accepts input by allowing the user to place a fingertip directly on the computer screen.
Touchscreen
101
A pen-like input tool that is used with a variety of touchscreen devices.
Stylus
102
Offers extra-sensitive touch surfaces that translates an artists motions into drawings on the computer screen.
Graphics tablets
103
A device that uses optical technology to convert objects that it analyzes into a digital format
Scanner
104
Can translate the document image into text that can be edited and formatted
Optical character recognition (OCR)
105
A tray that allows you to scan several sheets of paper automatically
Document feeder
106
Appears as a square filled with dots and lines.
QR Code
107
A tiny chip or label that contains electronically stored data.
RFID Tag
108
Computers that are able to input and output sounds, music, images, and video
Multimedia capabilities
109
Computers ability to recognize human speech
Speech recognition
110
Portable devices that electronically capture and store still images and videos
Digital cameras
111
A unit of graphic resolution equivalent to one million pixels
Megapixels
112
A small video camera, typically attached to a monitor that is commonly used for online video chats or conversations.
Webcam
113
Voice and video communication that allows multiple individuals to hold meetings and converse over a network.
Videoconferencing
114
A device that can capture television signals for viewing on a computer
TV tuner
115
A device that allows you to record television shows for future playback
digital video recorders (DVR)
116
An input device for a computer game
Game controller
117
The measurement of patterns or characteristics found in the human body
Biometrics
118
A biometric technology that can detect the unique patterns and swirls of an individual's finger
Fingerprint scanners
119
A biometric technology that looks for unique measurements in an individual's face
Facial recognition
120
Tiny dots on a display screen, each with its own unique address that the computer uses to locate it and control its appearance.
Pixels
121
The number of pixels that are displayed on the screen
Resolution
122
The amount of time in milliseconds that it takes for a pixel to change from black to white
Response time
122
The amount of time in milliseconds that it takes for a pixel to change from black to white
Response time
123
Measures how close the monitor can get to the brightest white and the darkest black
Contrast ratio
123
Measures how close the monitor can get to the brightest white and the darkest black
Contrast ratio
124
Rarely used today, these large and bulky displays used cathode-ray tube (CRT) technology
CRT monitors
125
A common type of flat panel monitor that contains a light source and a screen of special crystals aced in the monitor between the user and the light source
LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor
125
A common type of flat panel monitor that contains a light source and a screen of special crystals aced in the monitor between the user and the light source
LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor
126
A thinner, lighter and more energy-efficient type of LCD monitor that is lit by a grid of tiny electronic lights called light emitting diodes
LED monitor
127
An intermediary device between the CPU and the monitor that contains a processor, video-dedicated memory and other circuitry
Video card
127
An intermediary device between the CPU and the monitor that contains a processor, video-dedicated memory and other circuitry
Video card
128
A video cards microprocessor
Graphic processing unit (GPU)
128
A video cards microprocessor
Graphic processing unit (GPU)
129
A circuit board that converts sound from analog to digital form, & vice versa, for recording or playback.
Sound card
130
A measurement of image quality for printers
Dots per inch (dpi)
130
A measurement of image quality for printers
Dots per inch (dpi)
131
Measures printer speed
Pages per minute (ppm)
131
Measures printer speed
Pages per minute (ppm)
132
Ability to automatically prong to both sides of a piece of paper
Duplex inch
132
Ability to automatically prong to both sides of a piece of paper
Duplex inch
133
A printer that creases output by striking an inked ribbon against paper using metal pins
Dot matrix printers
133
A printer that creases output by striking an inked ribbon against paper using metal pins
Dot matrix printers
134
A type of printer that creates an image directly on the paper by spraying ink through tiny nozzles
Inkjet printers
134
A type of printer that creates an image directly on the paper by spraying ink through tiny nozzles
Inkjet printers
135
Fast, high quality printer that creates output by using a laser that is aimed at a rotating drum
Laser printers
135
Fast, high quality printer that creates output by using a laser that is aimed at a rotating drum
Laser printers
136
Device that combines either inkjet or laser printing capabilities with scanning, photocopying and fixing capabilities
Multi functioning printer
136
Device that combines either inkjet or laser printing capabilities with scanning, photocopying and fixing capabilities
Multi functioning printer
137
Printer that uses a process where colored eyes are headed and then diffuse in specialty paper or other materials
Dye-sub printers
138
Printer that applies heat to special thermal paper, turning select areas black to produce text and basic graphics
Thermal printers
138
Printer that applies heat to special thermal paper, turning select areas black to produce text and basic graphics
Thermal printers
139
A printer that can creat 3D objects made of various materials
3D printer
139
A printer that can creat 3D objects made of various materials
3D printer
140
Device that projects digital images and video into a large screen where they can be reviewed by an audience
Digital projectors
140
Device that projects digital images and video into a large screen where they can be reviewed by an audience
Digital projectors
141
A large screen that allows a user to interact with the images projected on it
Interactive whiteboard
142
The communication of vibration, motion, or physical resistance to a user; also called "haptics"
Haptic feedback
142
The communication of vibration, motion, or physical resistance to a user; also called "haptics"
Haptic feedback
