Chapter 2 Hormones

Question 1

How do hormones affect cells

Answer 1

Activate genes
Turn enzymes on or off
Affect rate of enzyme production, transcription and translation

Question 2

Which endocrine glands decrease in size with age

Answer 2

Pineal gland and thymus

Question 3

Adrenal medulla produces

Answer 3

Epinephrine and noradrenaline

Question 4

Adrenal cortex produces

Answer 4

Cortisol, aldosterone

Question 5

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 5

Is produced in the parathyroid, affects PO4 concentration aswell as calcium

Question 6

Hormone definition

Answer 6

A chemical messenger between glands and target cells that uses blood as transport

Question 7

Exocrine glands include

Answer 7

Salivary, tears, sebaceous, sweat

Question 8

Human growth hormone

Answer 8

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on whole body to stimulate growth and division
Skeletal growth
Mainyain organ size
Uptake of amino acids for proteins

Question 9

Prolactim

Answer 9

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on breasts to stimulate and maintain milk production

Question 10

Adrenocorticotropic hormones

Answer 10

Produced in anterior pituitary organises the adrenal cortex

Question 11

TSH

Answer 11

Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxine

Question 12

FSH

Answer 12

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on the gonads to stimulate follicle development and sperm production

Question 13

LH

Answer 13

Produced in anterior pituitary acts on gonads stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone

Question 14

Oxytocin

Answer 14

Produced in hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary acts on the uterus and breasts, uterine contraction during birth, milk ejection, can aid sperm mobility and love feelings

Question 15

ADH

Answer 15

Antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary stimulates aquaporins in the collecting ducts of the nephrons, body reabsorbs more water

Question 16

Thyroxine T4

Answer 16

From the thyroid it affects metabolic rate in all body cells

Question 17

Triiodothyronine T3

Answer 17

All body cells affects tissue growth and development

Question 18

Calcitonin

Answer 18

From thyroid decreases blood Ca+ concentration storing it in bones

Question 19

Insulin

Answer 19

Produced in beta cells decreases blood glucose levels by increasing membrane permeability and glycogenesis

Question 20

Glucagon

Answer 20

Alpha cells. Acts on liver mostly. Glycogenolysis increases blood glucose levels

Question 21

Aldosterone

Answer 21

Adrenal cortex promotes normal metabolism, resists stress, increases na+ in the body

Question 22

Adrenaline

Answer 22

Adrenal medulla. Lungs heart stomach and all body cells. Increased heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, breathing. Decreases digestion

Question 23

Noradrenaline

Answer 23

Adrenal medulla. Similar to epinephrine. Alot of blood pressure

Question 24

Cortisol

Answer 24

Adrenal cortex. Regualtes metabolism and blood sugar

Question 25

Melatonin

Answer 25

From pineal gland. Promotes sleep cycle

Question 26

Oestrogen

Answer 26

From ovaries. Stimulates grows if endometrium and secondary sex characteristics

Question 27

Progesterone

Answer 27

Ovaries. Maintenance of endometrium

Question 28

Testosterone

Answer 28

Testes. Secondary sex characteristics and sperm production

Question 29

Steroid hormones examples

Answer 29

T4, T3, aldosterone, adrenaline, melatonin, oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone

Question 30

Protein hormones examples

Answer 30

All pituitary hormones, calcitonin, parathyroid, glucoregulation, noradrenaline and cortisol

Question 31

Steroid hormone mode of action

Answer 31

Diffuse through cell membrane Enters the nucleus and binds to receptor protein Hormone receptor complex binds to dna Genes are activated and transcribed Translation and new proteins are synthesised

Question 32

Protein hormones mode of action

Answer 32

Binds to receptor in membrane Reactions activate enzymes Using lots of ATP catalyses reactions that produce secondary messengers Intracellular changes happen