Chapter 8 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is a GMO
Anything that contains recombinant DNA
Transgenic organism
Contains dna from another species
What is a bacteriophage
Viruses that infect bacteria
To name a restriction enzyme
First letter of first word
First 2 letters of second word
Strain if given
Roman numerals of the order it was isolated
Ways gene therapy can work
Replace a mutated gene with a healthy one
Fix or inactivate a mutated gene
Add a gene that fights the disease
Help the immune system recognise diseased cells
Things that gene therapy could help
CF, huntingtons, muscular dystrophy, sickle cell anaemia, diabetes 1
CF should be diagnosed early
Because repeat infection can permanently damage lung tissues
Gene therapy helps huntingtons by
Producing a defense to the huntington protein
Mutagens
Mustard gas
Formaldehyde
Sulohur dioxide
Some antibiotics
Ionising radiation
Missense, nonsense, neutral and silent
Missense - different amino acids
Nonsense - premature stop
Neutral - same shape amino acid
Silent - same amino acid
Chromosomal mutation
Deletion, inversion (180), translocation, duplication
Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
Treatment: drugs block iodine, removal of thyroid or radioactive iodine
Too much thyroxine results in rapid heartbeat, weight loss, fatigue, sweating, anxiety
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease
Treatment: more iodine or leuothyroxine
Goitre gets big to make more
Slow heart rate, weight gain, fatigue, lack of energy
Sickle cell anaemia
HBB gene
Blood tests of haemoglobin or amniocentesis
Symptoms anemia, pain episodes, swollen hands and feet, frequent infections, delayed growth and puberty
Complications: stroke, organ damage, blindness, gall stones, deep vein thrombosis
Treatment blood transfusions, medications. Stem cells. Healthy lifestyle
Thalassemia
HBA1 and HBA2 for alpha
HBB for beta
Symptoms. Fatugue, weakness, pale or yellow skin, facial bone deformities, slow growth, abdominal swelling
Blood transfusions, avoid excess iron
Complications include high risk of inhection, too much iron, enlarged spleen, heart problems bone deformities
