Chapter 2 - Individual behaviour, personality & values

Question 1

What is the MARS model

Answer 1

Model of individual behaviour and performance

1. Motivation
2. Ability
3. Role clarity
4. Situation

Question 2

6 factors influence the MARS model

Answer 2

1. Personality
2. Values
3. Self-concept
4. Perceptions
5. Emotions and Attitudes
6. Stress

Question 3

Define motivation

Answer 3

The internal force which affects a persons direction, intensity and persistence of a voluntary behaviour

Question 4

Provide an analogy of Motivation

Answer 4

Driving a car in which thrust of the engine is intensity of effort, the amount of fuel in your fuel tank is persistence; and the direction is determined by the steering wheel.

Question 5

What is ability

Answer 5

Natural aptitudes + Learned capabilities required to complete a task

Question 6

5 common types of workplace behaviour

Answer 6

1. Task performance/Goal orientation
2. Org citizenship
3. Counter-productive
4. Joining and staying
5. Attendance

Question 7

3 forms of task performance behaviour

Answer 7

1. Proficiency to deliver
2. Adaptability to change
3. Pro-active in anticipating change

Question 8

Helpfulness towards others that support the organisational social and psychological context

Answer 8

Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

Question 9

Define personality

Answer 9

The pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviours that characterize a person

Question 10

What is the model called which uses OCEAN

Answer 10

Five factor model of personality dimensions

Question 11

Name each component of OCEAN

Answer 11

1. Openness to experience (Creative, curious, nonconforming)
2. Conscientiousness (Organised, goal focused, thorough, methodical)
3. Extraversion (Outgoing, energetic, sociable, assertive)
4. Agreeableness (Trusting, helpful, tolerant)
5. Neuroticism (Anxious, insecure, self-conscious)

Question 12

What theory does the MBTI derive from?

Answer 12

Jungian Personality Theory

Question 13

What does MBTI measure and the 4 components

Answer 13

Measures an individual’s preferences for perceiving and judging information

1. Sensing/Intuition
2. Thinking/Feeling
3. Intro/Extroversion
4. Judging/Perceiving

Question 14

2 strengths and 3 weaknesses of MBTI

Answer 14

1. Poor indicator of performance
2. A persons preferences change with time
3. Self-awareness for Career development
4. Self reported
5. Can be discriminatory through homogenisation

Question 15

Contrast values and personality traits

Answer 15

Values are what we ought to do
Personality traits is what we often do

Values are evaluative
Personality traits are descriptive

Question 16

What is the dominant model of values called?

Answer 16

Schultz values circumplex model

Question 17

Is 100% person-organisation congruence desirable and why?

Answer 17

No. Forms corporate-cults which lack diversity of people, ideas and perspectives.

Question 18

3 ethical principles

Answer 18

1. Utilitarianism
2. Individual rights
3. Distributive justice

Question 19

The greater good for the greater number of people is known as …. and is AKA …..

Answer 19

Utilitarianism and Consequentialist principle

Question 20

Give a recent example of when Individual Rights has been conflicted

Answer 20

18C of Racial Discrimination Act prohibits public speech which may offend or insult another group of people based on race, colour, nationality or ethnicity

Question 21

3 factors of ethical behaviour

Answer 21

1. Moral sensitivity
2. Moral intensity
3. Situational

Question 22

5 cross-cultural values

Answer 22

1. Individualism
2. Collectivism
3. Power distance
4. Uncertainty avoidance
5. Achievement orientation

Question 23

What is the name of the formula linking behaviour, personality and situation?

Answer 23

Lewin’s equation
Behaviour = Personality x Situation
B = f(P,E)

Question 24

3 steps to learning process

Answer 24

1. Awareness
2. Acknowledgement
3. Transformation/Action

Question 25

Describe the 4 levels of the Iceburg Model

Answer 25

1. Observed behaviour 2. Unobserved thoughts and feelings 3. Values and beliefs 4. Needs and fear

Question 26

Give an analogy of judgements and perceptions

Answer 26

Fact: A room has bits on the floor Analysis: The room is dirty The perception/judgement used is the standard by which the room is considered clean/dirty

Question 27

Describe the differences between using the reptilian brain and frontal lobes to react to stimuli

Answer 27

Reptilian brain is primary needs/fear based whereas Frontal lobe is more advanced thought. Reptilian brain = Stimuli --> Reaction Frontal lobe = Stimuli + Thought --> Response

Question 28

2 elements that drive the development of our unconscious beliefs/values and the age at which it is well-developed

Answer 28

1. Experience 2. Perceptions of the world. Well-developed by the age of six