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Physiology of Disease > Chapter 2: Inflammation and Healing > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Inflammation and Healing Flashcards

(53 cards)

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0
Q

What is an abscess

A

A localized pocket of infection or purulent exudate surrounded by inflammation.

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1
Q

What is an abscess

A

A localized pocket of infection or purulent exudate surrounded by inflammation

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2
Q

What are adhesions

A

A band of fibrous scar tissue forming an abnormal connection between two surfaces or stuctures
Ex- binding two loops of the intestine together

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3
Q

what are chemical mediators

A

A chemical released in the body during an inflammatory response or immune response

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4
Q

What is anorexia

A

Loss of appetite

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5
Q

What is chemotaxis

A

The movement of cells toward or away from an area of the body in response to chemical signals
Ex- phagocytic cells move to an area of tissue injury

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6
Q

What is collagen

A

The common protein making up connective tissue and bone

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7
Q

What is a contracture

A

Shortening of a muscle or scar tissue causing immobility and deformity of a joint or structure

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8
Q

What is diapedesis

A

The pasage of leukocytes through intact capillary walls to a site of inflammation

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9
Q

What is an ESR

A

The rate at which RBCs settle out of a blood speciment (containing anticoagulant)
Increased ESR=inflammation

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10
Q

What is exudate

A

Fluid that accumulates and may leak from tissue

  • serous exudate due to allergy
  • purulent or pus from infection
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11
Q

What is fibrogen

A

Plasma protein that is formed into solid fibrin strands during the clotting process

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13
Q

What is fibrinous

A

Exudates that are thick and sticky and have a high cell and fibrin content.

-High risk of scar tissue

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13
Q

What are glucocorticoids

A

Steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex

-cortisol (hydrocortisone) that increase blood glucose levels and act to decrease inflammation and allergic reactions

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14
Q

What is a fibroblast

A

Connective tissue cells

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15
Q

What is granulation tissue

A

Newly developed fragile tissue, consisting of fibroblasts and blood vessels, formed during healing

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16
Q

What is granuloma

A

A nodular destructive mass associated with some chronic inflammation or infection

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17
Q

What is hematocrit (aka HcT)

A

% of erythrocytes in a blood sample

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18
Q

What is hyperemia

A

Increased blood flow in an area, resulting in a warm, red area

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19
Q

What is hematopoiesis

A

Production of red blood cells in bone marrow

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20
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure

A

Movement of fluid, electrolytes, oxygen and nutrients out of the capillary at the arteriolar end is based on net hydrostatic pressure.

-part of normal capillary exchange

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21
Q

What are interferons

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A

A group of antiviral glycoproteins produced by viral-infected cells

22
Q

What are isoenzymes

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A

Cell enzymes, specific to certain organs, that differ slightly in structure but have samiliar functions

23
Q

What is intraarticular

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A

“into the joint”

-prednisone shots

24
What is leukocytosis
An above normal number of leukocytes (WBCs) in the blood
25
What is a leukocyte
- aka neutrophil | - 2nd line of defense that eat bacteria, cell debris and foreign invaders.
26
What is malaise
a general feeling of discomfort or unease, of being unwell
27
What is a macrophage
- aka "vulture cells" | - 2nd line of defense that eat up bacteria, cell debris and foreign invaders.
29
What is a neutrophil
- aka a leukocyte | - 2nd line of defense that kill bacteria and cell debris and foreign matter
29
What is a perforation
A hole through the wall of a tube or hollow structure
30
What is osmotic pressure
- High because remain within capillaries. - Movement of fluid, carbon dioxide and other wastes in the blood. - Hydrostatic pressure is low at venous end of capillary.
31
What is purulent
``` like pus (microbes, WBCs, and cell debris) -thick, yellowish material in tissue often resulting from bacterial infection ```
32
What is permeability
capillary membrane's ability to allow plasma proteins to move into the interstitial space along with more fluid.
33
What is phagocytosis
- 2nd line of defense - Process by which neutrophils (a leukocyte) and macrophages "vulture cells" randomly engulf and destroy bacteria, cell debris or foreign matter.
34
What is pyrexia
Fever
35
What is regeneration
Tissue repair through replacement by identical functioning cells
37
What is replacement
healing of a wound area - connective tissue takes place when there is extensive tissue damage or cells are in capable of mitosis * more scar tissue because of delayed healing, large break in tissue and more inflammation
38
What is resolution
Process that occurs when there is minimal tissue damage. | -mild sunburn
38
What is serous
Watery secretion
39
What is a scar
fibrous tissue formation (connective tissue)
40
What is stenosis
Narrowing of a tube, valve, or opening (stricture)
41
What is an ulcer
An open, crater-like lesion on the skin or mucous membranes
43
What is vasodilation
Relaxation of smooth muscle causing an increase in the diameter or arterioles.
44
What are in the cardinal signs of inflammation
redness, warmth, swelling, edema, pain, lack of function
45
What are complications of acute inflammation
Infection Ulcers Skeletal muscle spasms or strong muscle contractions
46
Drugs for inflammation
ASA, aspirin NSAIDS, Advil, Motrin Glucocorticoids *delayed wound healing, decreased WBCs, bone demineralization, HTN and edema
47
What is RICE
``` Rest Ice Compress Elevate TO REDUCE INFLAMMATION! ```
48
Factors the promote healing
``` Youth Good nutrition: vitamins A and C Adequate of hemoglobin Effective circulation Clean, undisturbed wound No infection or further trauma to site ```
49
Factors that delay wound healing
``` Advanced age, reduced mitosis Poor nutrition, dehydration Anemia Circulatory problems DM, CA Irritation, excessive mobility and bleeding Infection, foreign material Chemo Prolonged use of prednisone ```
50
Partial thickness burns
Epidermis and part of dermis Superficial partial thickness burns AKA first degree -Sunburn
51
What are deep partial thickness burns
AKA 2nd degree | Destruction of epidermis and dermis
52
What are full thickness burns
aka 3rd and 4th degree burns | Destruction of all skin layers and tissues
53
What are effects of a burn injury
``` Shock Respiratory problems Pain Infection Metabolic needs ```

Physiology of Disease (13 decks)

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