Chapter 2: Intercultural and Global Communication

Question 1

is defined as a community or population sufficiently large enough to be self-sustaining, that is large enough to produce new generations of members without relying on outside people

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

________ are created through communication

Answer 2

Cultures

Question 3

generally compares the communication styles and patterns of people from very different cultural/social structures

Answer 3

Cross cultural communication

Question 3

2 Types of Cultural Communication:

Answer 3

1. Cross Cultural Communication
2. Intercultural Communication

Question 4

deals with how people from these social/cultural structures
speak to one another and what difficulties or differences they encounter, over and above the different languages they speak.

Answer 4

Intercultural Communication

Question 5

Multiple _______ exist in one society or national group.

Answer 5

cultures

Question 6

Multiple __________ coexist in a single society and talk amongst themselves as part of their conduct of membership.

Answer 6

social communities

Question 7

In whatever situation whether there is a great or small difference in culture
we must avoid __________ or ______________.

Answer 7

ethnocentrism; ethnocentric bias

Question 8

each culture is _________ and this difference must be accepted and respected.

Answer 8

different

Question 9

Elements of culture into four categories:

Answer 9

1. Symbols
2. Rituals
3. Values
4. Heroes

Question 10

refer to the verbal and nonverbal language.

Answer 10

Symbols

Question 11

are socially essential collective activities within the culture.

Answer 11

Rituals

Question 12

are the feelings not open for discussion within a culture about what is good or bad, beautiful or ugly, normal or abnormal, which are present in a majority of the members of a culture.

Answer 12

Values

Question 13

are real or imaginary people who serve as behavior models within a culture. They are commonly expressed through myths, which can be the
subject of novels and other forms of literature.

Answer 13

Heroes

Question 14

Different dimensions of Culture under Cross-cultural Communication:

Answer 14

1. Context
2. Individualism or Collectivism
3. Time
4. Conflict

Question 15

is something that is situated in our relationships in communication. Everything is
connected to this background context of relationships and other personal contexts of status, influence, and personal knowledge.

Answer 15

Context

Question 16

focuses on placing a great deal of emphasis on the total environment or context
where speech and interaction take place. _________ spoken words are much less important than the rest of the context.

Answer 16

high context

Question 17

is when the message itself is everything and it is much more important to have a well-structured argument or a well-delivered presentation than it is. People tend to separate their relationships from the messages and focus on details and logic.

Answer 17

low context

Question 17

Relationship build slowly and depend on trust.

High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 17

high context

Question 17

Relationship begin and end quickly.

High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 17

low context

Question 18

Nonverbal elements are significant. Verbal messages are indirect and communication is seen as an art form or way of engaging someone.

High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 18

high context

Question 19

Nonverbal elements are non significant. Verbal messages are explicit and communication is seen as a way exchanging information, ideals and opinions.

High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 19

low context

Question 20

Space is communal.
People stand close to each other and share the same place

High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 20

high context

Question 21

Space is compartmentalized.
Privacy is important, so people stand farther apart.

High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 21

low context

Question 22

Everything has its own time and not scheduled. Change is slow, and time is a process that belongs to others and nature. | High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 22

high context

Question 23

Events and tasks are scheduled and to be done at particular times. Change is fast, and time is a commodity to be spent or saved. | High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 23

low context

Question 24

Multiple sources of information is used. Thinking proceeds from general to specific. Learning occurs by observing others. | High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 24

high context

Question 24

One source of information is used. Thinking proceeds from specific to general. Learning occurs by following the explicit directions and explanations of others. | High Context Culture/ Low Context Culture

Answer 24

low context

Question 25

focuses on how people define themselves and their relationship with others.

Answer 25

Individualism/Collectivism

Question 26

refers to togetherness.

Answer 26

Collectivism

Question 26

building and maintaining good relationship with others is more important than accomplishing the task.

Answer 26

Collectivism

Question 27

suppresses their independent activities and individual aims for the group’s welfare.

Answer 27

Collectivism

Question 27

refers to individuality.

Answer 27

Individualism

Question 27

achieving the goal and finishing the task is more important than building relationship with others.

Answer 27

Individualism

Question 27

Different societies' attitudes toward time diverge as well.

Answer 27

Time

Question 27

refers to the time system where schedules are made and are strictly followed. They view time as a valuable commodity and punctuality as very important. People under this category will usually arrive at an appointment a few minutes early as a symbol of respect for the person they are meeting.

Answer 27

Monochronic

Question 28

people like multitasking, and change plans often and easily. They do not hold time in the same reverence and they have a much more relaxed attitude toward time.

Answer 28

Polychronic

Question 28

in cultures can be distinguished according to their understanding of and approach to it, which involves real or perceived incompatibilities of processes, understandings, and viewpoints between people.

Answer 28

Conflict

Question 28

Conflict can be differentiated into two cultural approaches:

Answer 28

1. Conflict as Opportunity 2. Conflict as Destructive

Question 28

five styles of conflict management

Answer 28

1. Dominating Style 2. Integrating Style 3. Compromising Style 4. Obliging Style 5. Avoiding Style

Question 28

involves forcing one’s will on another to satisfy individual desires regardless of negative relational consequences.

Answer 28

Dominating Style

Question 28

necessitates a great deal of open discussion about the conflict and hand to reach a solution that completely satisfies everyone involved.

Answer 28

Integrating Style

Question 28

is making a compromise demands that everyone must give something up to reach a solution.

Answer 28

Compromising Style

Question 29

is giving up one’s position to satisfy another’s. Emphasizes areas of agreement than disagreement.

Answer 29

Obliging Style

Question 29

happens when people avoid the conflict entirely by failing to acknowledge its existence or by withdrawing from a solution when it arises.

Answer 29

Avoiding Style

Question 29

Five Value Dimensions that vary Across Cultures

Answer 29

1. Individualism vs. Collectivism 2. Masculinity vs. Feminism 3. Power Distance 4. Uncertainty Avoidance 5. Task vs. Social Orientation

Question 29

dimension describes cultures from loosely structured to tightly integrated.

Answer 29

Individualism vs. Collectivism

Question 29

the interest of the individual prevails over the interest of the group. Ties between individuals are loose. People look after themselves and their immediate families.

Answer 29

Individualist culture

Question 29

the interest of the group prevails over the interest of the individual. People are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups that continue throughout a lifetime to protect in exchange for unquestioning loyalty.

Answer 29

Collectivist culture

Question 29

dimension describes how a culture's dominant values are assertive and nurturing.

Answer 29

Masculinity vs. Femininity

Question 30

are labeled as someone that strives for the maximal distinction between what women and men are expected to do.

Answer 30

Masculine culture

Question 30

Cultures that place high values on _____________ stress assertiveness, competition, and material success.

Answer 30

masculine traits

Question 30

are those that permit more overlapping social roles for the sexes. Culture that place high values on _______________ stress quality of life, interpersonal relationships, and concern for the weak.

Answer 30

Feminine culture; feminine traits

Question 30

dimension refers to the distribution of influence within the culture.

Answer 30

Power distance

Question 30

It is the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally

Answer 30

Power distance

Question 30

This dimension is believed to be learned in families at an early age.

Answer 30

Power distance

Question 31

dimension refers to the extent to which people in a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations. In these cultures, such situations are avoided by maintaining strict codes of behavior and a belief in absolute truths.

Answer 31

Uncertainty Avoidance

Question 31

Cultures with ____________ are active, aggressive, emotional, compulsive, security-seeking, and intolerant.

Answer 31

strong uncertainty avoidance

Question 32

Cultures with ______________ are contemplative, less aggressive, unemotional, relaxed, accepting of personal risks, and relatively tolerant.

Answer 32

weak uncertainty avoidance

Question 32

dimension refers to the end goal of a group of people within a communication setting.

Answer 32

Task vs. Social Orientation

Question 33

focus on making the team competent, through training and the use of up- to-date methods. Members are highly concerned with individual success: advancing to more responsible jobs, better training, and so on.

Answer 33

Task-oriented societies

Question 34

focus more on collective concerns: cooperative problem-solving, a friendly atmosphere, and good physical working conditions.

Answer 34

Social-oriented societies

Question 34

Certain ___________ are important factors in talking about society and cultural identity.

Answer 34

geographical locations, nations, races, and regions

Question 35

are commonly viewed as being rooted in the child's early socialization and fostered in communication with other people who are prejudiced or racist

Answer 35

Prejudice and Racism

Question 35

includes threats or verbal slurs directed against specific groups or physical acts such as burning crosses or spray-painting on public and private property.

Answer 35

Hate speech

Question 36

refers to the labeling and degrading of cultures and subgroups outside of one’s own. Indigenous groups, women, lesbians and gay men, and ethnic groups have been "ot*er**" by other groups in language.

Answer 36

Othering

Question 36

The main personality traits that affect intercultural communication are self-concept, self-disclosure, self- monitoring, and social relaxation.

Answer 36

Personality Strength

Question 36

PERSONALITY STRENGTH. The main personality traits that affect intercultural communication are?

Answer 36

1. Self-concept 2. Self-disclosure 3. Self-monitoring 4. Self-relaxation

Question 36

refers to the way in which a person views the self.

Answer 36

Self-concept

Question 36

refers to the willingness of individuals to openly and appropriately reveal information about themselves to their counterparts.

Answer 36

Self-disclosure

Question 36

refers to using social comparison information to control and modify your self-presentation and expressive behavior.

Answer 36

Self-monitoring

Question 36

is the ability to reveal little anxiety in communication.

Answer 36

Self-relaxation

Question 37

Intercultural communication skills require message skills, behavioral flexibility, interaction management, and social skills.

Answer 37

Communication Skills

Question 37

COMMUNICATION SKILLS. Intercultural communication skills require?

Answer 37

1. Message Skills 2. Behavioral Flexibility 3. Interaction Management 4. Social Skills

Question 37

are the ability to understand and use language and feedback.

Answer 37

Message Skills

Question 37

is the ability to select an appropriate behavior in diverse contexts.

Answer 37

Behavioral Flexibility

Question 37

emphasizes a person's other-oriented ability to interact.

Answer 37

Interaction Management

Question 37

are empathy and identity maintenance.

Answer 37

Social Skills

Question 37

is the ability to think the same thoughts and feel the same emotions as the other person.

Answer 37

Empathy

Question 37

is the ability to maintain a counterpart's identity by communicating back an accurate understanding of that person's identity.

Answer 37

Identity Maintenance

Question 38

Effective communicators must be able to acclimate to new environments. They must be able to handle the feelings of "culture shock", such as frustration, stress, and alienation in ambiguous situations caused by new environments.

Answer 38

Psychological Adjustment

Question 38

Individuals must understand the social customs and the social system of the host culture. Understanding how people think and behave is essential for effective communication.

Answer 38

Cultural Awareness

Question 38

refers to negative or positive judgments made about individuals based on any observable or believed ethnic group membership.

Answer 38

Stereotyping

Question 38

refers to irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, sexual orientation.

Answer 38

Prejudice

Question 39

brings with it a sense of how to behave, norms of acting, and a host of relational formats

Answer 39

sense of belonging to a culture