Chapter 2 Lecture Notes

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

cells responsible for transmitting and processing information

Question 2

Nueroglia

Answer 2

cells that support neurons and important background functions

Question 3

Synapse

Answer 3

connection between neurons

Question 4

Three basic types of neurons

Answer 4

Sensory, motor, interneurons

Question 5

Sensory neurons

Answer 5

transmit sensory information from sensory receptors to spinal cord

Question 6

motor neurons

Answer 6

transmit signals of motor movement from brain to spinal cord

Question 7

interneurons

Answer 7

connect to one another; involved in processing information

Question 8

Soma

Answer 8

cell body; signals from other neurons and transmit signals toward the soma

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

transmit signals from soma to other neurons

Question 10

Glial cells

Answer 10

Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Microglia

Question 11

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

glial cells in the CNS; production of myelin

Question 12

Myelin

Answer 12

white sheath that insulates to axons of neurons

Question 13

Astrocytes

Answer 13

provides support for neurons

Question 14

Microglia

Answer 14

immunological cells within the CNS - cleans up debris

Question 15

Schwann Cells

Answer 15

produce myelin on single axon

Question 16

CNS

Answer 16

has brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Cerebrum

Answer 17

produce langauge and organize body movements

Question 18

Gray matter

Answer 18

process and regulate information in the CNS

Question 19

White matter

Answer 19

axons of neurons covered in myelin

Question 20

Cerebral meninges

Answer 20

between surface of brain and skull; 3 anatomic layers

Question 21

Dura mater

Answer 21

enveloping the brain and spinal cord

Question 22

Arachnoid mater

Answer 22

wraps around brain and spinal cord

Question 23

Pia mater

Answer 23

hugs the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 24

divides the brain in halves

Question 25

Corpus callosum

Answer 25

houses the largest white matter pathways

Question 26

Prosody

Answer 26

changes in tone and intensity

Question 27

Prosopagnosia

Answer 27

having problems with visual processing

Question 28

Amusia

Answer 28

losing ability to recognize music

Question 29

Macrostructure processing

Answer 29

ability to piece together many smaller details (microstructure) to arrive the correct bigger picture (macrostructure)

Question 30

Visuospatial processing

Answer 30

math skills

Question 31

Broca's aphasia

Answer 31

they know what they want to say but can't find the right words

Question 32

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 32

can't comprehend the speech of others, and their own speech is crazy and nonstop

Question 33

Central sulcus

Answer 33

runs down the middle lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere

Question 34

Lateral sulcus

Answer 34

begins at the lower frontal aspect of each of the 2 cerebral sulcus

Question 35

Frontal lobe

Answer 35

Houses Broca's area, expressive language, primary motor cortex (motor strip)

Question 36

Primary motor cortex (motor strip)

Answer 36

issuing motor plans for volitional movement

Question 37

Left primary motor cortex

Answer 37

issuing motor movements for speech

Question 38

Parietal lobe

Answer 38

receiving and processing sensory information Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 39

Primary sensory cortex (sensory strip)

Answer 39

receives and processes tactile and proprioceptive information coming from the body

Question 40

Proprioception

Answer 40

a person's sense of where their extremities and body are in space

Question 41

Sensory homunculus

Answer 41

processing their sensory information are represented

Question 42

Temporal lobes

Answer 42

houses memory

Question 43

Hippocampus

Answer 43

takes new experiences and turns the into memories that can be stored and accessed later

Question 44

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 44

receives neuroal impulses of sounds from the ears

Question 45

Occipital lobes

Answer 45

concerned with mostly with vision

Question 46

Subcortex

Answer 46

performing functions that are automatic

Question 47

Brainstem

Answer 47

connects the spinal cord to the brain (oldest part of the brain)

Question 48

Medulla

Answer 48

motor neurons transmits impulses to the other side of the body

Question 49

Cerebellum

Answer 49

"little brain"

Question 50

Spinal cord

Answer 50

bundle of white matter tracts and gray matter housed in the vertebral column `

Question 51

Spasticity

Answer 51

combination of hypertonia and the resistance to passive movement caused by hyperactive stretch

Question 52

Phrenic nerve

Answer 52

innervates the diaphragm

Question 53

Diaphragm

Answer 53

muscle that is primarily responsible for the inspiration of air into the lungs

Question 54

Cranial nerves

Answer 54

nerves in the cranium (bony part of the skull)