Chapter 2 lectures

Question 1

What were the traits Mendel tested in his pea plants and which one was dominant?

Answer 1

Coat color- grey dominant white recessive
Flower color- purple dominant white recessive (coat and flower color controlled by same gene)
Seed color-yellow dominant green recessive
Seed shape-smooth dominant wrinkled recessive
Pod color-green dominant yellow recessive
Pod shape- Inflated dominant constricted recessive
Flower position- axial dominant terminal recessive
Plant height- Tall dominant short recessive

Question 2

true breeding

Answer 2

2 homozygous genotypes

Question 3

If P1 is Dominant Homozygous and P2 is Recessive Homozygous describe what will happen in the F1 and F2 as well as phenotypic ratio

Answer 3

F1 all will be Heterozygous therefore will show dominant phenotype and in F2 3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 4

Rule of Segration

Answer 4

2 genetic factors seprate into seprate gamates explained by mitosis

Question 5

Dominant gene

Answer 5

always determined

Question 6

recessive gene

Answer 6

determined if both alleles are recessive

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

make up of organism

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

what you can see

Question 9

homozygous

Answer 9

same gene type

Question 10

heterozygous

Answer 10

different gene types

Question 11

hemizygous

Answer 11

2 different chromosome types

Question 12

Test cross

Answer 12

used recessive homozygous to determine genotype of another organism

Question 13

Codominance

Answer 13

more that 1 dominant allele

Question 14

Diploid

Answer 14

2 chromosome sets

Question 15

Sex cells transitioning back and forth from haploid and diploid explain

Answer 15

Meiosis is where alleles seperate into gametes causing gametes to be haploid then they find another gamete to make a diploid again

Question 16

If mom has A blood and Dad has B blood how can child have O blood

Answer 16

Mom genotype Ao Dad genotype Bo

Question 17

Wild type

Answer 17

dominant phenotype

Question 18

Mutant

Answer 18

recessive phenotype

Question 19

Penetration

Answer 19

Same genotype, but may not show phenotype due to pentratice only shown in individulas.

Question 20

expressivity

Answer 20

gene expressed at different levels

Question 21

2n

Answer 21

diploid

Question 22

n

Answer 22

haploid

Question 23

cousanguineous

Answer 23

married with cousin (inbreeding)

Question 24

Identical twins

Answer 24

monozygotic

Question 25

fraternal twins

Answer 25

dizygotic

Question 26

What are the 4 inheritance patterns

Answer 26

Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive Sex linked dominant Sex linked recessive

Question 27

Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern

Answer 27

Appears in each generation 1/2 effected individual if parent has trait equal distribution among sexes

Question 28

Autosomal recessive inheritance pattern

Answer 28

May skip generations equal distribution among sexes often appears in consanguineous marriage 2 normal parent produce affected child due to being carriers

Question 29

Sex linked dominant inheritance pattern

Answer 29

appears in each generation affected males yield all affected daughter affected males come from affected mothers

Question 30

Sex linked recessive inheritance pattern

Answer 30

appears more frequently in males affected females have affected sons affected females must have affected father and at least a carrier mother never passes from father to son

Question 31

Rule of independent assortment

Answer 31

genes assort themselves independently into gametes

Question 32

Monohybrid genotypic and phenotypic ratios of heterozygous cross

Answer 32

genotypic: 1:2:1 phenotypic 3:1

Question 33

Dihybrid and genotypic and phenotypic ratios for heterozygous cross

Answer 33

2 genes being crossed genotypic: 1:2:1:2:3:2:1:2:1 phenotypic 9:3:3:1

Question 34

How many phenotypes are there if A and a, B and b are codominate

Answer 34

9 phenotypes

Question 35

How many phenotypes are there if A is dominant to a but B is codominant with b

Answer 35

6

Question 36

For multihybrid cross what does n stand for?

Answer 36

dominant genes

Question 37

2^n for a multihybrid cross

Answer 37

Gametes and phenotypes

Question 38

3^n for multihybrid cross

Answer 38

genotypes

Question 39

frequency of homozygous recessive

Answer 39

(1/2^n)^2

Question 40

Probability forumla and meaning of letters

Answer 40

P=a/n P is the probability a is the event we want to happen n is the number of possiblities avaliable

Question 41

Product rule and what is it used for?

Answer 41

P=P1 X P2 when 2 events need to happen at same time

Question 42

Sum rule and what is it used for?

Answer 42

P= P1 + P2 doesn't have to happen at same time

Question 43

Bionominal theorem and when is it used and things needed

Answer 43

P= (n!/(s!+t!))(p)^s(q)^t used when events are not in order n=s+t 1=p+q

Question 44

What is the probability of getting 5 girls and 1 boy?

Answer 44

3/32

Question 45

What is probability of getting 4 girls and 2 boys?

Answer 45

20/64

Question 46

What is probability of getting 3 normal kids and 1 dieased kid from 2 diease carrier parents?

Answer 46

27/64