Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology And Lab > Chapter 2 - Microbial World And You > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Microbial World And You Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter and cannot be subdivided into smaller substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Molecule

A

Made up of two or more Atoms, consisting of at least two different kinds of Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charge particles, located on the outer shell of an Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles, make up the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged particles, make up the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electron shells

A

Arranged around the nucleus of an atom that correspond to different energy levels. First shell. 2 , Second shell. 8, Third shell. 8,
Fourth, fifth, six shell. 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Element

A

Each element has its own name and a one or two letter symbol Example. H for hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atomic weight

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in and Atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms with different numbers of neutrons but same number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Molecular weight

A

The sum of the atomic weights in the molecule. One mole of a substance is a molecular weight in grams. Examples. H2O, 2H equal 2×1 = 2 , O = 16, 16+2 = 18 – molecular weight. One mole weighs 18 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Valence

A

The number of missing or extra electrons in the outer most shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chemical bond

A

Molecules hold together because the valence electrons of the combining Atoms form attractive forces between the atomic nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ionic bond

A

Attractions between ions of opposite charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cation

A

Atoms that lose electrons and become positive charge ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anions

A

Atoms that gain electrons and become a negatively charged ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

covalent bonds

A

Form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Synthesis reaction

A

Occurs when Atoms, ions, or molecules combined to form new, larger molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Decomposition synthesis

A

Occur when a molecule is split into smaller molecules, ions, or Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Involved in making or breaking the bonds between Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endergonic reactions_____ energy

Exergonic reactions _____ energy

A

Absorb

Release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exchange reactions

A

Are part synthesis and part decomposition, Ex. NaOH + HCl ➡️ NaCl + H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Organic compounds

A

Substances that always contain carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inorganic compounds

A

Substances that Typically lack carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Solvent

A

Polar substances undergo dissociation in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Solutes

A

The substances that dissociate in water

28
Q

Acids

A

Dissociate into H+ ions and anions,The lower the pH the more acidity

29
Q

Bases

A

Dissociate into OH -and cations, The higher the pH level in the more basic

30
Q

Salt

A

Disassociate into negative and positive ions neither of which is H + or OH -

31
Q

PH scale

A

The concentration of H + I answer in a solution. pH = -log 10 [H +]

32
Q

Most organisms grow best between what pH?

A

6.5 and 8.5

33
Q

Methyl🌟

A

DNA, energy metabolism

34
Q

Amino group🌟

A

Proteins

35
Q

Carboxyl group🌟

A

Organic acids, lipids, proteins

36
Q

Phosphate🌟

A

ATP, DNA

37
Q

Amino acid

A

Subunits of proteins

38
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Include sugars and starches, serve as cell structures and cellular energy sources. Consist of C, H, and O (CH2O)

39
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars when 3-7 carbon atoms Ex. Glucose and deoxyribose

40
Q

Disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides are joined and dehydration synthesis

41
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Combining two molecules by removing water

42
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking down molecules by adding water

43
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Consist of tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined together through dehydration synthesis Ex. Starch, glycogen, cellulose

44
Q

Lipid

A

Primary component of cell membranes, consist of C, H, and O. Are non-polar and insoluble in water

45
Q

Fat / Triglycerides

A

Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acids, formed by dehydration synthesis

46
Q

Phospholipids

A

Their heads are polar and tails are nonpolar, made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group

47
Q

Peptide bonds

A

Are between amino acids and are formed by dehydration synthesis

48
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains deoxyribose, double helix, Forms the genetic instructions of an organism

49
Q

RNA

A

Contains ribose, single-stranded, specific role in protein synthesis

50
Q

Adenine bonds with what other nucleotide?

A

Thymine

51
Q

Cytosine bonds with what nucleotide?

A

Guanine

52
Q

In RNA chains, what binds with Adenine?

A

Uracil

53
Q

Pentose

A

A five carbon sugar Molecule that is contained in the nucleotides Ex. Deoxyribose

54
Q

Purines

A

Adenine and Guanine

55
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Thymine and cytosine

56
Q

What is the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen Atoms together in the single H2O molecule?

A

Covalent bond

57
Q

What type of bond is the bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?

A

Hydrogen bond

58
Q

What is the type of strong chemical bond between carbon, hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms in a single organic molecules?

A

Covalent bond

59
Q

What is the primary molecule making up plasma membrane in cells? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid’s

A

lipids

60
Q

Which type of molecule is composed of CH20 units? Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid’s

A

Carbohydrates

61
Q

Covalent bonds are formed by the _____ of electrons between Atoms.

A

Sharing

62
Q

Ionic bonds are formed by_____ between Atoms that have lost or gain electrons and are therefore positively or negatively charged.

A

Attraction

63
Q

Individual covalent bonds are stronger than individual ionic bonds. True or false

A

True

64
Q

What is the type of weak bond between the hydrogen of one molecule and the nitrogen of another molecule, where the two don’t actively share an electron?

A

Hydrogen bond

65
Q

What is a type of bond between ions in salt?

A

Ionic bond

66
Q

What are mainly small and structurally simple compounds, which typically lack carbon in which ionic bonds may play in important role?

A

Inorganic molecules

Microbiology And Lab (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions