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Microbiology And Lab > Chapter 2 - Microbial World And You > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Microbial World And You Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter and cannot be subdivided into smaller substances

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2
Q

Molecule

A

Made up of two or more Atoms, consisting of at least two different kinds of Atoms

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3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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4
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charge particles, located on the outer shell of an Atom

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5
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles, make up the nucleus

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6
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged particles, make up the nucleus

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7
Q

Electron shells

A

Arranged around the nucleus of an atom that correspond to different energy levels. First shell. 2 , Second shell. 8, Third shell. 8,
Fourth, fifth, six shell. 18

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

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9
Q

Element

A

Each element has its own name and a one or two letter symbol Example. H for hydrogen

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10
Q

Atomic weight

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in and Atom

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11
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms with different numbers of neutrons but same number of protons

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12
Q

Molecular weight

A

The sum of the atomic weights in the molecule. One mole of a substance is a molecular weight in grams. Examples. H2O, 2H equal 2×1 = 2 , O = 16, 16+2 = 18 – molecular weight. One mole weighs 18 g

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13
Q

Valence

A

The number of missing or extra electrons in the outer most shell

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14
Q

Chemical bond

A

Molecules hold together because the valence electrons of the combining Atoms form attractive forces between the atomic nuclei

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15
Q

Ionic bond

A

Attractions between ions of opposite charge

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16
Q

cation

A

Atoms that lose electrons and become positive charge ions

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17
Q

Anions

A

Atoms that gain electrons and become a negatively charged ions

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18
Q

covalent bonds

A

Form when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

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19
Q

Synthesis reaction

A

Occurs when Atoms, ions, or molecules combined to form new, larger molecules

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20
Q

Decomposition synthesis

A

Occur when a molecule is split into smaller molecules, ions, or Atoms

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21
Q

Chemical reaction

A

Involved in making or breaking the bonds between Atoms

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22
Q

Endergonic reactions_____ energy

Exergonic reactions _____ energy

A

Absorb

Release

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23
Q

Exchange reactions

A

Are part synthesis and part decomposition, Ex. NaOH + HCl ➡️ NaCl + H2O

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24
Q

Organic compounds

A

Substances that always contain carbon

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25
Inorganic compounds
Substances that Typically lack carbon
26
Solvent
Polar substances undergo dissociation in water
27
Solutes
The substances that dissociate in water
28
Acids
Dissociate into H+ ions and anions,The lower the pH the more acidity
29
Bases
Dissociate into OH -and cations, The higher the pH level in the more basic
30
Salt
Disassociate into negative and positive ions neither of which is H + or OH -
31
PH scale
The concentration of H + I answer in a solution. pH = -log 10 [H +]
32
Most organisms grow best between what pH?
6.5 and 8.5
33
Methyl🌟
DNA, energy metabolism
34
Amino group🌟
Proteins
35
Carboxyl group🌟
Organic acids, lipids, proteins
36
Phosphate🌟
ATP, DNA
37
Amino acid
Subunits of proteins
38
Carbohydrate
Include sugars and starches, serve as cell structures and cellular energy sources. Consist of C, H, and O (CH2O)
39
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars when 3-7 carbon atoms Ex. Glucose and deoxyribose
40
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides are joined and dehydration synthesis
41
Dehydration synthesis
Combining two molecules by removing water
42
Hydrolysis
Breaking down molecules by adding water
43
Polysaccharides
Consist of tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined together through dehydration synthesis Ex. Starch, glycogen, cellulose
44
Lipid
Primary component of cell membranes, consist of C, H, and O. Are non-polar and insoluble in water
45
Fat / Triglycerides
Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acids, formed by dehydration synthesis
46
Phospholipids
Their heads are polar and tails are nonpolar, made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group
47
Peptide bonds
Are between amino acids and are formed by dehydration synthesis
48
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains deoxyribose, double helix, Forms the genetic instructions of an organism
49
RNA
Contains ribose, single-stranded, specific role in protein synthesis
50
Adenine bonds with what other nucleotide?
Thymine
51
Cytosine bonds with what nucleotide?
Guanine
52
In RNA chains, what binds with Adenine?
Uracil
53
Pentose
A five carbon sugar Molecule that is contained in the nucleotides Ex. Deoxyribose
54
Purines
Adenine and Guanine
55
Pyrimidines
Thymine and cytosine
56
What is the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen Atoms together in the single H2O molecule?
Covalent bond
57
What type of bond is the bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?
Hydrogen bond
58
What is the type of strong chemical bond between carbon, hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms in a single organic molecules?
Covalent bond
59
What is the primary molecule making up plasma membrane in cells? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acid's
lipids
60
Which type of molecule is composed of CH20 units? Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid's
Carbohydrates
61
Covalent bonds are formed by the _____ of electrons between Atoms.
Sharing
62
Ionic bonds are formed by_____ between Atoms that have lost or gain electrons and are therefore positively or negatively charged.
Attraction
63
Individual covalent bonds are stronger than individual ionic bonds. True or false
True
64
What is the type of weak bond between the hydrogen of one molecule and the nitrogen of another molecule, where the two don't actively share an electron?
Hydrogen bond
65
What is a type of bond between ions in salt?
Ionic bond
66
What are mainly small and structurally simple compounds, which typically lack carbon in which ionic bonds may play in important role?
Inorganic molecules

Microbiology And Lab (4 decks)

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