chapter 2: organisation of the organism

Question 1

what is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

Cell

All living things are made of cells.

Question 2

how are new cells produced?

Answer 2

By the division of existing cells

Question 3

what controls movement in and out of cells?

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

where do chemical/metabolic reactions take place in a cell?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

what contains dna and controls the activity of the cell?

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

what structure allows protein synthesis in the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Ribosome

Question 8

what is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

Studded with ribosomes, it looks rough under the microscope.

Question 9

what is the purpose of a vacuole in plant cells?

Answer 9

To keep the cell turgid

Question 10

what is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Answer 10

To hold the shape of the cell and strengthen it

Question 11

what do chloroplasts contain that is essential for photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Chlorophyll

Question 12

what is one example of a prokaryote?

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

what is the composition of a bacterial cell?

Answer 13

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmids

Question 14

what is the primary genetic material in bacterial cells?

Answer 14

Circular chromosome of DNA

Question 15

what are plasmids?

Answer 15

Small, circular rings of DNA in the cytoplasm with extra genes

Question 16

what are the building blocks of life?

Answer 16

Cells

Question 17

what is a group of cells with similar structures working together called?

Answer 17

Tissue

Question 18

what is the definition of an organ?

Answer 18

Group of tissues working together to perform a specific function

Question 19

what is an organ system?

Answer 19

Group of organs with related functions working together

Question 20

what is the highest level of organization in this hierarchy?

Answer 20

Organism

Question 21

what is the specific function of ciliated cells?

Answer 21

Movement of mucus

Question 22

where are root hair cells located?

Answer 22

Roots

Question 23

what is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?

Answer 23

Photosynthesis

Question 24

what do neurones conduct?

Answer 24

Electrical impulses

Question 25

what is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer 25

Transport of oxygen

Question 26

fill in the blank: the general formula for magnification is size of _______ divided by size of specimen.

Answer 26

drawing

Question 27

what is the formula to find actual size?

Answer 27

Image size ÷ magnification

Question 28

what is the unit conversion from millimetres to micrometres?

Answer 28

1mm = 1000μm

Question 29

true or false: magnification has units.

Answer 29

False