chapter 4: biological molecules Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are biological molecules primarily composed of?
Carbohydrates, fats, oils, and proteins are made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
Proteins also contain nitrogen and sometimes sulfur (CHON{S})
What is the basic unit of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars
Examples include glucose and fructose
What are larger molecules formed from simple sugars?
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose
These are polysaccharides
What are the components of fats and oils?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the solution used to test for reducing sugars?
Benedict solution
What is the process for testing reducing sugars?
Add Benedict solution into a beaker and heat up to 70-80°C
What indicates a positive result for reducing sugars in the Benedict test?
Brick red
What indicates a negative result for reducing sugars in the Benedict test?
Blue
What is the solution used to test for starch?
Iodine solution
What is the process for testing starch?
Add iodine solution to the specimen
What indicates a positive result for starch in the iodine test?
Blue-black
What indicates a negative result for starch in the iodine test?
Brown
What is the solution used to test for protein?
Biuret solution
What is the process for testing protein?
Add biuret solution to the sample
What indicates a positive result for protein in the biuret test?
Purple/violet
What indicates a negative result for protein in the biuret test?
Blue
What is the physical test for fats?
Ethanol
What is the process for testing fats?
Add ethanol to the sample and shake with an equal volume of water
What indicates a positive result for fats in the ethanol test?
Cloudy emulsion
What is the solution used to test for Vitamin C?
DCPIP
What is the process for testing Vitamin C?
Add DCPIP solution to the sample
What indicates a positive result for Vitamin C in the DCPIP test?
Colourless
What indicates a negative result for Vitamin C in the DCPIP test?
Blue
