Chapter 2 Part 1 - Mycology and Virology

Question 1

the process of reproduction in yeast that begins with a weakening and outpouching of the yeast cell wall and then formation of a cell wall septum between the mother and daughter yeast cells. Presence of Bud scar on the surface of the mother cell

Answer 1

budding

Question 2

The loose intertwined network of basic structural units of the molds (matlike structure) that penetrates the substrate from which it obtains the necessary nutrients for growth is called?

Answer 2

Mycelium

Question 3

The presence of pigmentation within the hyphae or the spores

Answer 3

Hyaline molds

Question 4

Large, usually multiseptate and club-shaped or spindle-shaped spores

Answer 4

Macroconidia

Question 5

small, nonseptate teardrop-shaped spores

Answer 5

Microconidia

Question 6

A scotch tape preparation is made from a mold growing on solid media presenting a CONIDIOPHORE is an isolate of

Answer 6

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 7

Organism from a Skin scraping grows on SDA agar with a light-tan front and salmon colored reverse. Microscopically it produces rare distorted macroconidia and rare microconidia. there was no growth on sterile rice media

Answer 7

Microsporum audouinii

Question 8

KOH: large, spherical, thick-walled yeast cells, usually with a single bud that is connected to the parent cell by a Broad Base

Answer 8

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 9

A key characteristic of Coccidioides immitis

Answer 9

Prdouces endosporulating spherules in tissue

Question 10

PAS stain was used in a respiratory specimen from a px with lung disease. Based on the microscopic morphology, , the dimorphic fungi, large, soherical, thick walled, showing a broad-based budding is what organism

Answer 10

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 11

A landscaper noticed a hard, unmovable lump under the skin of his index finger which developed further up the wrist and forearm. A histologic stain showed elongated yeast cells resembling cigars. This disease is called

Answer 11

Sporotichosis

Question 12

This organism is a soil saprobe and a thermal dimorph. It’s often associatied with occupational risk and referred to as Rose Gardeners Disease. Its disease involves chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis characterized by ulcers and abscesses along lymphatic channels

Answer 12

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 13

Germ tube (-)
Urease (-)
Dextrose, maltose or sucrose (-)
CMT agar morphology showed blastoconidia only

Answer 13

Torulopsis glabrata

Question 14

A key characteristic by which an unknown Cryptococcus spp. can be identified as Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 14

Positive niger seed agar test

Question 15

True or False: Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis can be used as positive and negative controls, respectively

Answer 15

True

Question 16

An immunocompromised patient exhibited fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. the respiratory specimen was stained with Grocott’s methenamine silver stain and showed “cups and saucers” or “deflated balls” morpphology. What organism is this?

Answer 16

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 17

Yeast cell exhibited:
Clusters of blastoconidia along pseudohyphae, terminal chlamydoconidia
Germ tube (+)
Sucrose (+)

Answer 17

Candida albicans

Question 18

It is responsible for tinea Versicolor and catheter-related infections in patients on long-term intravenous lipids. Macroscopically, the organism appears as cream/brown wrinkled colonies that grow better in the presence of oil. Microscopically, it grows as yeastlike cells, often with distinct cigarettes.

Answer 18

Malassezia furfur

Question 19

Conidiation of dematiaceous fungi that resembles a tree, in which conidiophoe is trunk and branched chains of conidia form the branches

Answer 19

Cladosporium

Question 20

Conidiation of dematiaceous fungi that resembles short conidiophores plus phialide, vase-shaped conidia extruded from phialide and then clustered

Answer 20

Phialophore

Question 21

Conidiation of dematiaceous fungi that resembles stalked conidiophores that become knobby as conidia. Conidia are produced sequentially until a Cladosporium-type conidiation is reached.

Answer 21

Rhinocladiella type

Question 22

A mold isolated in the lab displays a white cottony macroscopic morphology. Microscopically, hyalin, septate hyphae, and “toothbrush”-like conidiophores are seen

Answer 22

Acremonium sp.

Question 23

A mold is isolated in the lab that displays a velvety, gray-green colony morphology. Microscopically, flask-shaped conidiophores arranged in a brushlike formation are seen

Answer 23

Penicillium sp.

Question 24

The organism from a patient with systemic fungemia has grown from the blood cultures macroscopicallly and showed blue-green color to to the colony. Microscopically, Foot cells were seen and the phialides were uniserate with a round vesicle and columnar conidia

Answer 24

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 25

The protein that surrounds the nucleic acid of a virion is called?

Answer 25

Capsid

Question 26

During viral assembly, how are viral envelopes acquired?

Answer 26

As the virion buds from a host cell membrane

Question 27

Infectious protein with no associated nucleic acid

Answer 27

Prions

Question 28

The viral nucleocapsid always contains ___ _____

Answer 28

viral genome

Question 29

Whic virus is thought to predominately cause gastroenteritis

Answer 29

Noroviruses

Question 30

Which group contains the SARS virus

Answer 30

Coronavirus

Question 31

Virus described as: ssRNA, enveloped, Pleomorphic/spherical capsid Large club-shaped spikes on surface gives "corona" effect Causes approximately 15% of coldlike illness

Answer 31

Coronaviruses

Question 32

Specimen of choice for detecting Rotavirus

Answer 32

Feces Sample

Question 33

Test of choice and most sensitive assay for use with CSF to diagnose asepctic meningitis caused by enterovirus

Answer 33

PCr

Question 34

A specimen from a genital lesion was inoculated into a standard set of cells for virus isolation. Typical fibroblastic cell line was seen showing the rapid development of foci of rounding and degenerating cells. this is typical of what virus

Answer 34

Herpes simplex virus

Question 35

Trophozoite forms of amoebae are found in what type od stool specimen?

Answer 35

Watery

Question 36

Which preservation method is most suitable and most widely used for subsequent fixed smear preparation

Answer 36

PVA

Question 37

If the ova of this parasite are ingested by humans, the oncosphere form can migrate through the body via the bloodstream, resulting in the condition known as cysticercosis

Answer 37

Taenia solium

Question 38

Ova recovered from the stool are routinely used to diagnose infections caused by all of the ff except

Answer 38

Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides stercoralis - rhabditiform larval stage is the primary diagnostic stage for strongyloidiasis

Question 39

Which parasites have migration through the lungs as part of their lifecycle

Answer 39

Necator, Ancylostoma, Strongyloides

Question 40

An E. coli cyst was found on a wet mount of a fresh stool specimen. What should be done next?

Answer 40

Examine the remaining area of the wet preparation

Question 41

Taken from a corneal scraping, the parasite appeared as a wrinkled, double-walled cyst and are known to cause corneal keratitis

Answer 41

Acanthamoeba sp.

Question 42

Whipworm appearance of the adult larva. The male adult larva of this parasite has a curved tail

Answer 42

Trichuris trichiura

Question 43

Eggs recovered in the urine specimen posses a large terminal spine. What organism is this?

Answer 43

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 44

A patient involved un a sheep herding operation was diagnosed with cysts in his liver. The adult parasite was passed by his dog and it has a scolex and three proglottids

Answer 44

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 45

These trophozoites were found in a trichrome-stained slide of a stool sample, it has one nuclei with an eccentric karyosome and irregular peripheral chromatin, vacuolated cytoplasm, and broad pesudopods

Answer 45

Entamoeba coli

Question 46

An ovoid cyst recovered in a stool sample of a child with diarrhea shows 2-4 nuclei, 2-4 median bodies, and a smooth wall

Answer 46

Giardia lamblia

Question 47

A round cyst was found in a human fecal smear (from a Px with diarrhea and bloody stool) and it contained 4 nuclei, a rounded chromatin bar

Answer 47

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 48

Parasite with RBC enlarged, oval, Schuffner's dots, gametocytes seen by day 4-18

Answer 48

Plasmodium ovale

Question 49

Parasite with Large RBC, trophozoite irregular, multiple phases seen, gametocytes appear early

Answer 49

Plasmodium vivax

Question 50

Parasite with delicate ring forms, multiple rings per cell, crescent-shaped gametocytes after 7-10 days

Answer 50

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 51

Parasite with RBC normal in size and color, trophozoite compact, band forms may be seen, gametocytes seen after weeks

Answer 51

Plasmodium malariae

Question 52

It is a Microfilariae found in the blood that have a sheath, demonstrate nocturnal periodicity and exhibit nuclei that do not extend to the tail tip

Answer 52

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 53

Its rhabditiform larvae has a long buccal cavity and a small genital primordium.

Answer 53

Necator americanus

Question 54

Its rhabditiform larvae has a short buccal cavity and a prominent genital primordium. Its filariform larvae has a notched tail

Answer 54

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 55

A parasite recovered from a fecal smear of a Px with diarrhea shows a large vacuole in the center surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm with 2-6 small nuceli that generally stains a teal color with the Trichrome stain.

Answer 55

Blastocystis hominis

Question 56

Scientific name of the organism causing body louse

Answer 56

P. humanus humanus

Question 57

Scientific name of the organism causing Bedbug

Answer 57

Cimex lectularius

Question 58

Scientific name of the organism causing scabies

Answer 58

Sarcoptes scabei

Question 59

Scientific name of the organism causing Lyme disease

Answer 59

Ixodes scapularis

Question 60

The only known human tapeworm with an opeculum

Answer 60

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 61

These spp. are hemoflagellates that can be identified in PBS as a trypomastigote form assuming a C, S, U shape in blood. Each is characterized by a central nucleus, a posterior kinetoplast, and a full body undulating membrane

Answer 61

Trypanoaoma spp.