Chapter 2 Part 2

Question 1

Epigenesis

Answer 1

The emergence of new structures and functions in the course of development.

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

Reproductive cells, egg and sperm that contain half the genetic material over all other cells in the body

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

Cell division that produces gametes

Question 4

Conception

Answer 4

The union of an egg from the mother and a sperm from the father

Question 5

Zygote

Answer 5

A fertilized egg cell

Question 6

Embryo

Answer 6

The name given to the developing organism from week 3 to week 8 of prenatal development

Question 7

Fetus

Answer 7

The name given to the developing fetus from week 9 to birth

Question 8

Mitosis

Answer 8

Cell division resulting in two identical daughter cells

Question 9

Embryonic Stem Cells

Answer 9

Embryonic cells that can develop into any type of cell

Question 10

Apoptosis

Answer 10

Genetically programmed cell death

Question 11

Identical Twins

Answer 11

Twins that result from the splitting in half of the zygote, resulting in each of the two resulting zygotes having the same set of genes

Question 12

Fraternal Twins

Answer 12

Twins that result when two eggs happened to be released into the Fallopian tube at the same time and are fertilized by two different sperm

Question 13

Neural Tube

Answer 13

A groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually become the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

Amniotic Sac

Answer 14

A fluid filled membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus

Question 15

Placenta

Answer 15

A support organ for the fetus keeping the circulatory systems of the mother and fetus separate

Question 16

Umbilical Cord

Answer 16

A tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta

Question 17

Cephalocaudal Development

Answer 17

The pattern of growth in which areas near the head develop earlier than areas far from the head

Question 18

Habituation

Answer 18

A simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated or continued stimulation

Question 19

Dishabituation

Answer 19

The introduction of a new stimulus rekindles interest habituation to a repeated stimulus

Question 20

Phylogenetic Continuity

Answer 20

The idea because of evolution, humans share many characteristics, behaviors, and developmental processes with other animals

Question 21

Teratogen

Answer 21

An external agent that can cause damage or death during prenatal development

Question 22

Sensitive Period

Answer 22

The period of time during which a developing organism is most sensitive to the effects of external factors

Question 23

Dose Response Relation

Answer 23

Relation in which the effect of an exposure to an element increases with the extent of exposure

Question 24

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Answer 24

The sudden unexpected death of an infant less than 1 year old with no identifiable cause

Question 25

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 25

The effects of maternal alcohol consumption on a developing fetus. Facial deformities and mental retardation are some of the effects

Question 26

State

Answer 26

Level of arousal and engagement in the environment

Question 27

Rapid Eye Movement

Answer 27

An active sleep state characterized by jerky eye movements under closed lids and dreaming in adults

Question 28

Non-REM Sleep

Answer 28

A quiet or deep sleep state characterized by the absence of motor activity or eye movements and regular brain waves, breathing, and heart rate

Question 29

Swaddling

Answer 29

A soothing technique, used in many cultures, that involves wrapping a baby tightly in a blanket or cloth

Question 30

Colic

Answer 30

Excess crying by an infant for no reason

Question 31

Infant Mortality

Answer 31

Death during the first year after birth

Question 32

Low Birth Weight

Answer 32

A weight of less than 5.5 pounds

Question 33

Premature

Answer 33

Any child born at 37 weeks or earlier

Question 34

Small for Gestational Age

Answer 34

Babies who weigh less than normal

Question 35

Developmental Resilience

Answer 35

Successful developmental in spite of multiple developmental hazards