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Psyc 353-Psychology of Aging > Chapter 2 part 2 Genetics > Flashcards

Chapter 2 part 2 Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Genes

A

Contain instructions for making proteins

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2
Q

Genome

A

inherited characteristic instructions

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3
Q

Proteins

A

Cellular functions

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4
Q

Mutations

A

May lead genes to produce abnormal proteins

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

23 pairs

Organized genome

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6
Q

Telomeres

A

Ends of chromosomes that are repeated strands of DNA, cannot replicate without these

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7
Q

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs)

A

Genetic variation
Can be used to track inheritance of disease
Can predict individual response to some drugs

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8
Q

Genome-wide Linkage Study

A

Searches the families

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9
Q

Genome-wide Association Study

A

Searches the genome

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10
Q

Programmed Aging Theories

A
  • Believe that aging and death are built into the hard writing of all organisms genetic code
  • Longevity is an inherited species-specific trait
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11
Q

Gompertz Function / Curve

A
  • Variations in the life span among species are clearly illustrated when age is plotted against death rates
  • Longevity is an inherited species-specific trait (Humans 25%)
  • “Aging Genes”
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12
Q

Human Life span

A

122

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13
Q

How much of longevity in humans is inherited

A

25%, rest is lifestyle related

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14
Q

Good Genes Gone Bad Theory

A

Aging genes take over in the post- reproductive years and lead to the ultimate deconstruction of the organism

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15
Q

Replicative Senescence

A

Loss of ability of cells to reproduce

cellular senescence is 50

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16
Q

Hayflick Limit

A

The number of times a cell can divide, this varies among species
this does not include cancerous cells
correlated with longevity

17
Q

Telomere Length

A

With each replication our chromosomes lose telomeres and when we dont have telomeres left our cells cannot divide
-this is related to age, disease, stress, physical activity, BMI and smoking

18
Q

FOXO Genes

A

Groups of genes (Programs)

- FOXO3 variant - related to longevity of muscles, cells, brain

19
Q

Wear and Tear

A

Accumulation of damage

20
Q

Cross- Linking Theory

A

Helps to explain aging

  • Increased cross linking causes tissues to become smaller and stiffer causing them to work harder, this could be dangerous because this can happen in the heart and arteries
  • With age there is increased cross-linking of collagen
21
Q

Collagen

A

Involved in cross-linking

protein that supports tendons and skin etc.

22
Q

Glycation

A

Formation to advanced glycation end-products , AGE

- Exposure to certain kinds of sugar causes glycation

23
Q

Free Radicals

A

unstable compounds produced when certain molecules in cells react with oxygen, free radicals seek out and bind to other molecules causing the taken over molecule to loose its functioning
ex- uv light, air pollution, metabolism

24
Q

Free Radical Theory

A

believes that aging is the increases activity of these unstable free radical molecules and compromise cell functioning
By product of metabolism
Antioxidants related to this theory
With age its harder to defend against free radicals OR damage from free radicals accumulate overtime

25
Q

Antioxidants

A

Chemicals that prevent the formation of free radicals

example- blueberries, black plums, dark chocolate)

26
Q

Resveratrol

A

Highly potent antioxidant

example- some evidence that red wine is linked to reduced age-related effects

27
Q

Caloric Restriction Hypothesis

A

The view that the key to prolonging life is to restrict caloric intake. Caloric restriction thought to be beneficial in part because it reduces formation of free radicals

28
Q

Autoimmune Theory

A

Immune systems attack’s body cells

29
Q

Error Catastrophe

A

errors that accumulate with age are the ones that are vital

- accumulation of mutations with age : especially mitochondrial DNA

30
Q

Conclusions about models of development

A

we are not meant to live forever

probs not one overarching theory

Psyc 353-Psychology of Aging (13 decks)

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