Chapter 2 Pathologic Conditions Terms

Question 1

Anorexia

Answer 1

Lack of appetite

Question 2

Ascities

Answer 2

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 3

Borborgymi

Answer 3

Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

Constipation

Answer 4

Difficulty in passing stools (feces)

Question 5

Diaherra

Answer 5

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 6

Dysphagia (STUDY GUIDE)

Answer 6

Difficulty in swallowing

Question 7

Eructation

Answer 7

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Question 8

Flatus

Answer 8

Gas expelled through the anus

Question 9

Hematochezia

Answer 9

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Question 10

Jaundice (icterus)

Answer 10

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 11

Melena

Answer 11

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 12

Nausea

Answer 12

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

Question 13

Steatorrhea

Answer 13

Fat in the feces

Question 14

Aphthous stomatitis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Question 15

Dental caries

Answer 15

Tooth decay

Question 16

Herpetic stomatitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Question 17

Oral leukoplakia

Answer 17

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 18

Periodontal disease

Answer 18

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.

Question 19

Achalasia (STUDY GUIDE)

Answer 19

• Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
• Disorder of the esophagus that prevents normal swallowing

Question 20

Esophageal cancer

Answer 20

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

Question 21

Esophageal varices

Answer 21

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 22

Gastric cancer

Answer 22

Malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 23

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 23

GERD - solids and fluids return to mouth from the stomach

Question 24

Hernia

Answer 24

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Question 25

Peptic ulcer

Answer 25

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 26

Anal fistula

Answer 26

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 27

Colonic polyps

Answer 27

Polyps (benign growth) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 28

Colorectal cancer

Answer 28

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

Question 29

Crohn disease ("Crohn's"

Answer 29

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 30

Diverticulosis

Answer 30

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 31

Dysentery

Answer 31

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 32

Hemorrhoids

Answer 32

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 33

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Answer 33

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.

Question 34

Intussusception

Answer 34

Telescoping of the intestines

Question 35

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 35

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain,bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without defined abnormalities in the intestines.

Question 36

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 36

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Question 37

Volvulus (STUDY GUIDE)

Answer 37

Twisting of the intestine on itself. Volvulus causes intestinal obstructions.

Question 38

Cholelithasis

Answer 38

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 39

Cirrhosis

Answer 39

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 40

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 40

Liver cancer

Question 41

Pancreatic cancer

Answer 41

Malignant tumor of the pancreas

Question 42

Pancreatitis

Answer 42

Inflammation of the pancreas

Question 43

Viral hepatitis

Answer 43

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus