Chapter 2 pg. 27-49

Question 1

General motion:

Answer 1

a complex combination of linear and angular motion components;

involving translation and rotation simultaneously (the most common form of movement rather than just linear or angular alone)

Question 2

Linear motion:

Answer 2

involves uniform motion of the system of interest, with all system parts moving in the same direction at the same speed, also referred to as translation

Question 3

Rectilinear:

Answer 3

along a straight line

Question 4

Curvilinear:

Answer 4

along a curved line

Question 5

Angular motion:

Answer 5

involving rotation around a central line or point (known as the axis of rotation);

portions of the body in motion are constantly moving relative to other portions of the body;

a gymnast circling around a bar, or a springboard diver somersaults - also known as rotation

Question 6

Axis of Rotation:

Answer 6

an imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of rotation and passing through the center of rotation

Question 7

Mechanical System:

Answer 7

an object or group of objects chosen by the analyst for study

Question 8

Anatomical Reference Position:

Answer 8

an erect standing position with all body parts,
including the palms of the hands, facing forward;

this is considered the starting position for body segment movements;

feet are slightly separated
arms are hanging relaxed at the sides (not a natural standing position;

all body segments are considered to be positioned at zero degrees)

Question 9

Superior/cranial:

Answer 9

closer to the head

Question 10

Inferior/caudal:

Answer 10

farther away from the head

Question 11

Anterior/ventral:

Answer 11

toward the front of the body

Question 12

Posterior/dorsal:

Answer 12

toward the back of the body

Question 13

Medial:

Answer 13

toward the midline of the body

Question 14

Lateral:

Answer 14

away from the midline of the body

Question 15

Proximal:

Answer 15

closer in proximity to the trunk (the knee is proximal to the ankle)

Question 16

Distal:

Answer 16

at a distance from the trunk (the wrist is distal to the elbow)

Question 17

Superficial:

Answer 17

toward the surface of the body

Question 18

Deep:

Answer 18

inside the body and away from the body surface

Question 19

Cardinal planes:

Answer 19

bisect the mass of the body in three dimensions (a plane is a two-dimensional surface with an orientation defined by the spatial coordinates of three discrete points not all contained in the same line; an imaginary flat surface)

Question 20

Sagittal plane:

Answer 20

divides the body vertically into left and right halves (also called the anteroposterior (AP) plane)

Question 21

Frontal plane:

Answer 21

splits the body vertically into front and back halves of equal mass (also called the coronal plane)

Question 22

Transverse plane:

Answer 22

separates the body into top and bottom halves

Question 23

Center of Gravity:

Answer 23

where all of these planes intersect

Question 24

Frontal Axis:

Answer 24

imaginary line passing through the body from side to side and around which sagittal plane rotations occur (perpendicular to the sagittal plane)

Question 25

Sagittal axis:

Answer 25

axis: imaginary line passing from front to back through the body and around which frontal plane rotations occur

Question 26

Longitudinal axis:

Answer 26

axis: imaginary line passing from top to bottom through the body around which transverse plane rotations occur

Question 27

* all of these axes are associated with the perpendicular plane

Question 28

Flexion:

Answer 28

anteriorly directed sagittal plane rotations of the head, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, and hip, and posteriorly directed sagittal plane rotation of the lower leg

Question 29

Extension:

Answer 29

the movement that returns a body segment to anatomical position from a position of flexion

Question 30

Hyperextension:

Answer 30

the rotation beyond anatomical position in the direction opposite the direction of flexion

Question 31

Dorsiflexion:

Answer 31

motion bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg

Question 32

Plantar flexion:

Answer 32

motion bringing the top of the foot away from the lower leg

Question 33

Abduction:

Answer 33

moves a body segment away from the midline of the body

Question 34

Adduction:

Answer 34

moves a body segment closer to the midline of the body

Question 35

Right/left lateral flexion:

Answer 35

sideways rotation of the trunk

Question 36

Elevation/depression:

Answer 36

of the shoulder

Question 37

Radial deviation:

Answer 37

rotation of the hand at the wrist in the frontal plane toward the radius (thumb side)

Question 38

Eversion:

Answer 38

outward rotation of the foot

Question 39

Inversion:

Answer 39

inward rotation of the foot

Question 40

Pronation:

Answer 40

combines eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion (occurs at subtalar joint near ankle)

Question 41

Supination:

Answer 41

combines inversion, adduction, and plantarflexion (occurs at subtalar joint near ankle)

Question 42

Transverse Plane Movements:

Answer 42

Rotational movements about a longitudinal axis

Question 43

Left/right rotation:

Answer 43

used to describe transverse plane movements of the head, neck, and trunk

Question 44

Medial rotation/internal rotation:

Answer 44

rotation of an arm or leg as a unit in the transverse plane

Question 45

Lateral rotation:

Answer 45

when the rotation is away from the midline of the body

Question 46

Supination:

Answer 46

outward rotation of the forearm

Question 47

Pronation:

Answer 47

inward rotation of the forearm

Question 48

Horizontal abduction/extension:

Answer 48

movement of body segments in the transverse plane (arm or thigh) from an anterior position to a lateral position

Question 49

Horizontal adduction/flexion:

Answer 49

movement in the transverse plane from a lateral to an anterior position

Question 50

Circumduction:

Answer 50

general motion involving circular movement of a body segment (combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction)

Question 51

Cartesian coordinate system:

Answer 51

used to standardize measurements taken after quantitatively describing the movement of living organisms