CHAPTER- 2 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

Question 1

What are the principles of management?

Answer 1

Guidelines to take decisions or actions while practicing techniques.

Question 2

Define a managerial principle.

Answer 2

A broad and general guideline for decision making and behaviour.

Question 3

What is the universal applicability of management principles?

Answer 3

Applicable in all types of organisations, irrespective of size, nature and objectives.

Question 4

How are management principles formed?

Answer 4

Formed by experimentation, experience and collective wisdom of the managers.

Question 5

What do management principles provide?

Answer 5

General guidelines to actions, but they do not provide ready-made straitjacket solutions to all managerial problems.

Question 6

Are management principles flexible?

Answer 6

Yes, they can be modified by a manager according to the situation.

Question 7

What is the main focus of management principles?

Answer 7

Mainly behavioural, aiming at influencing behaviour of human beings.

Question 8

What do management principles establish?

Answer 8

Cause and effect relationship between applying a principle and its likely effect.

Question 9

The use of management principles is contingent upon what?

Answer 9

The prevailing situation at a particular point of time.

Question 10

What insights do management principles provide to managers?

Answer 10

Useful insights into reality, increasing managerial efficiency.

Question 11

How do management principles help in resource utilization?

Answer 11

They help foresee cause and effect relationships of decisions, reducing wastage.

Question 12

What type of decisions do management principles support?

Answer 12

Scientific decisions based on logic and objective assessment.

Question 13

How do management principles respond to a changing environment?

Answer 13

They are modified to meet the requirements of a changing environment.

Question 14

What social aspect do management principles address?

Answer 14

Fulfilling social responsibility of an organisation.

Question 15

What role do principles of management play in education and research?

Answer 15

They are the basis of management theories used in training, motivation, research and development.

Question 16

What is the principle of Division of Work?

Answer 16

Work is to be divided into small tasks and completed by a specialised worker.

Question 17

Define Authority and Responsibility in management.

Answer 17

Authority is the right to give orders; responsibility is the corollary of authority.

Question 18

What does Discipline imply in an organization?

Answer 18

Obedience to organisational rules and employment agreements necessary for functioning.

Question 19

What is Unity of Command?

Answer 19

Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.

Question 20

What does Unity of Direction ensure?

Answer 20

Each group of activities with the same objective must have one head and one plan.

Question 21

What is the principle of Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest?

Answer 21

Organisational interest should supersede individual interest.

Question 22

What should Remuneration of Employees be based on?

Answer 22

Fairness to both employees and the organisation.

Question 23

What is the balance described in Centralisation and Decentralisation?

Answer 23

Balancing subordinate involvement through decentralisation with managers’ final authority through centralisation.

Question 24

What does the Scalar Chain refer to?

Answer 24

A chain of authority and communication that runs from top to bottom.

Question 25

What is the principle of Order in management?

Answer 25

People and resources should be in suitable places at the appropriate time.

Question 26

What does Equity in management promote?

Answer 26

Kind and just behaviour with all employees without discrimination.

Question 27

What is Stability of Personnel aimed at?

Answer 27

Minimising employee turnover to maintain organisational efficiency.

Question 28

What does Initiative encourage in employees?

Answer 28

Encouraging employees to take initiative in thinking and executing plans.

Question 29

What does Esprit de Corps promote?

Answer 29

A team spirit of unity and harmony among employees.

Question 30

What is the principle of Science, not rule of thumb?

Answer 30

Decisions should be based on scientific study and analysis.

Question 31

What does Harmony, not discord entail?

Answer 31

Eliminating class-conflict and developing harmony between management and workers.

Question 32

What is the principle of Co-operation, not individualism?

Answer 32

Competition should be replaced by co-operation between management and workers.

Question 33

What is the goal of developing personnel in management?

Answer 33

To achieve greatest efficiency and prosperity through scientific selection and training.

Question 34

What is Functional Foremanship?

Answer 34

Separation of planning and execution functions.

Question 35

What does Standardisation and Simplification involve?

Answer 35

Establishing standards for every business activity and eliminating unnecessary diversity.

Question 36

What is Method Study aimed at?

Answer 36

Identifying the one best way to do a job.

Question 37

What does Motion Study focus on?

Answer 37

Eliminating wasteful and unnecessary movements.

Question 38

What is the purpose of Time Study?

Answer 38

Determining standard time required to perform a well-defined job.

Question 39

What does Fatigue Study determine?

Answer 39

The amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing a task.

Question 40

What is the Differential piece wage system?

Answer 40

Determining different wage rates for efficient and inefficient workers.