Chapter 2 Prt 2: Cell Physiology Flashcards
(80 cards)
Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive transport?
• a) Active transport moves substances down their concentration gradient, while passive transport uses ATP.
• b) Passive transport requires protein carriers, while active transport occurs without proteins.
• c) Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.
• d) Active transport moves large molecules, while passive transport
C
Which of the following statements about diffusion is TRUE?
• a) Diffusion only occurs in cells that use ATP.
• b) The smaller the molecules, the slower diffusion occurs.
• c) Diffusion involves molecules moving from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.
• d) Diffusion speed increases with higher temperature.
Answer: d) Diffusion speed increases with higher temperature.
D
Which of the following processes involves the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell?
• a) Pinocytosis
• b) Phagocytosis
• c) Exocytosis
• d) Facilitated diffusion
C
What is the role of the sodium-potassium (Na⁺-K⁺) pump?
• a) To transport glucose across the cell membrane
• b) To pump sodium and potassium ions along their concentration gradients
• c) To use ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients
• d) To facilitate the entry of large molecules into the cell
C
Which type of transport is used when a cell engulfs extracellular fluid containing dissolved substances?
• a) Phagocytosis
• b) Pinocytosis
• c) Exocytosis
• d) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
B
T or F:
In facilitated diffusion, substances move down their concentration gradient, and the cell uses ATP to assist with transport.
Falsy Walsy
(Facilitated diffusion does not require ATP.)
T or F:
During endocytosis, the plasma membrane forms vesicles to enclose extracellular materials and bring them into the cell.
True
T or F:
The process of receptor-mediated endocytosis is selective, allowing only specific molecules like enzymes and hormones to enter the cell.
True
T or F:
In the sodium-potassium pump, ATP is required to pump three potassium ions out of the cell and two sodium ions into the cell.
Falsy Walsy
(It pumps three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in.)
The process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane due to hydrostatic pressure is called ________.
Filtration
During ________, large particles like bacteria are engulfed by the cell and enclosed in vesicles for digestion.
Phagocytosis
The fluid within the vesicles created during endocytosis is often digested by the cell’s ________, which contain digestive enzymes.
Lysosomes
In protein synthesis, the process of converting DNA sequences into mRNA is called ________.
Transcription
What is the scientific term for the cell process in which a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to secrete substances outside the cell?
Exocytosis
What is the name of the process by which cells engulf large particles like bacteria, commonly called “cell eating”?
Phagocytosis
What type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?
Active transport
In receptor-mediated endocytosis, what triggers the formation of vesicles?
• a) The concentration of solutes in the extracellular fluid
• b) The binding of specific target molecules to receptors on the cell surface
• c) An increase in ATP production
• d) The release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum
B
What process involves the passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane without any assistance from proteins or energy?
• a) Facilitated diffusion
• b) Active transport
• c) Simple diffusion
• d) Osmosis
C
Which of the following best describes why the sodium-potassium pump is important for nerve function?
• a) It allows glucose to enter nerve cells for energy.
• b) It maintains a concentration gradient of ions that is crucial for the transmission of nerve impulses.
• c) It increases the temperature in nerve cells, aiding signal transmission.
• d) It facilitates the production of neurotransmitters.
B
Which process is used by cells that specialize in absorbing nutrients, such as those in the small intestine?
• a) Exocytosis
• b) Pinocytosis
• c) Simple diffusion
• d) Filtration
B
Which of the following best describes the process of filtration?
• a) Molecules move from areas of low concentration to high concentration.
• b) Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid pressure from high to low pressure.
• c) Molecules pass through the plasma membrane with the help of transport proteins.
• d) Ions move against their concentration gradient using ATP.
B
Filtration is important for which of the following bodily processes?
• a) Forming urine in the kidneys
• b) Active transport of ions in nerve cells
• c) Protein synthesis in the liver
• d) Absorption of nutrients in the small intestine
A
Filtration is important for which of the following bodily processes?
• a) Forming urine in the kidneys
• b) Active transport of ions in nerve cells
• c) Protein synthesis in the liver
• d) Absorption of nutrients in the small intestine
A
