chapter 2 psychology

Question 1

2 main sections

Answer 1

cns

pns

Question 2

pns sections

Answer 2

somatic

autonomic

Question 3

autonomic sections

Answer 3

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Question 4

somatic sections

Answer 4

motor

sensory

Question 5

forebrain involves

Answer 5

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system

Question 6

midbrain involves

Answer 6

reticular formation

Question 7

role of cns

Answer 7

enables brain to communicate with the rest of the body by conveying messages to the pns

Question 8

forebrain role

Answer 8

• higher order thinking processes (i.e. planning, solving, emotions and language)
• receiving and processing sensory information

Question 9

midbrain role

Answer 9

movement
sleep
arousal

Question 10

hindbrain

Answer 10

link between spinal cord and rest of the brain

- important for movement and balance

Question 11

role of pns

Answer 11

works with cns to enable interaction with environment

Question 12

motor neurons

Answer 12

responsible for initiating movement of pns

- communicates from cns to particular muscle for specific movement

Question 13

sensory neurons

Answer 13

convey sensation from sensory receptors (pns) to the brain via cns

Question 14

role of somatic nervous system

Answer 14

• controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles (striped or striated)
• conscious responses without the arousal of autonomic nervous system
  e. g. putting a jumper when cold

Question 15

role of autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

• responsible for communication of information between cns and non-skeletal muscles (smooth or visceral) and together with glands and internal organs that carry out bodily functions(such as digestion)
• responsible for homeostasis
• responding to threats in environment
• directs unconscious functioning

Question 16

fight-flight-freeze response

Answer 16

• activated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 17

sympathetic

Answer 17

• activated when organism is threatened

- responsible for the organism’s action (referring to fight or flight response)

Question 18

parasympathetic

Answer 18

• activated when aware tht you are unable to fight or outrun the threatening stimulus
• freeze response
• responsible for homeostasis (maintaining balance in bodily functions)

Question 19

effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic

Answer 19

parasympathetic:
contracts bladder
stimulates tear glands
constricts pupils
slows heart rate
sympathetic:
relaxes bladder
no effect on tear glands
accelerates heart rate
dilates pupil

Question 20

cerebral cortex

Answer 20

detects the difference between pieces of information, understands meaning of information, abstract and symbolic thinking

Question 21

cerebral hemispheres

Answer 21

almost symmetrical connected by neural fibres called corpus callosum

Question 22

4 lobes

Answer 22

parietal
frontal
temporal
occipital

Question 23

thalamus

Answer 23

• when receives signals from sensory receptors, this relays information to the primary cortex relevant to that lobe (processes and interprets it)
• responsible for giving specific sensory information more attention than others at a given moment
• controlling motor systems of the brain which are responsible for voluntary bodily movement and coordination

Question 24

frontal lobe

Answer 24

• largest
• speech, abstract thought, planning, social skills
  primary motor cortex:
• movement of skeletal muscles and helps coordinate sensory stimuli to plan for movement
• functions contraleterally (left primary cortex controls movement of the right side of body)

Question 25

parietal lobe

Answer 25

perception of 3D shapes and spatial awareness primary somatosensory cortex: - processes sensation (touch, pain, temperature, pressure) - functions contralaterally

Question 26

temporal lobe

Answer 26

processing auditory information primary auditory cortex: - perform complex auditory analysis to interpret human speech or listen to music

Question 27

occipital lobe

Answer 27

vision primary visual cortex: - different parts of PVC process different types of visual stimulus

Question 28

association areas

Answer 28

parts of cerebral cortex (grey matter) not taken up by lobes

Question 29

neurons

Answer 29

near association areas: less specific function; could be involved in integration of several senses or memories near primary cortices: specialise in analysing and interpreting that particular sensory information

Question 30

association area: frontal lobe

Answer 30

higher order thinking; reasoning, language, aspects of personality

Question 31

association area: parietal

Answer 31

- integrate sensory information to form a single perception | - construct a spatial coordinate system to represent the world

Question 32

association area - temporal

Answer 32

processing and encoding memories

Question 33

association area - occipital

Answer 33

integration of visual stimuli

Question 34

reflexes

Answer 34

innate response to a stimuli involving a process called a reflex arc - to contribute to safety/survival - many are controlled within spinal cord and no involvemen of brain (for faster response as no nerve impulse is sent)

Question 35

reflex arc

Answer 35

process of receiving a sensation and responding to a stimuli reflexively

Question 36

monosynaptic

Answer 36

- involving one synapse - affector (sensory) neuron brings a sensation from receptors and an effector (motor) neuron carries motor messages to muscles of the body

Question 37

polysynaptic

Answer 37

involves atleast two synapses | involves interneurons connecting the affector and effector neurons