Chapter 2 Review

Question 1

John Dalton created…

Answer 1

Atomic Theory of Matter

Question 2

elements are composed of…

Answer 2

atoms

Question 3

atoms are…

Answer 3

extremely small particles

Question 4

all atoms of an element are…

Answer 4

identical

Question 5

the atoms of one element are…

Answer 5

different from the atom of another element

Question 6

Alpha rays

Answer 6

positively charged, heavy

Question 7

Beta rays

Answer 7

negatively charged, light

Question 8

Gamma rays

Answer 8

no charge; very high energy waves

Question 9

Ernest ruthorford

Answer 9

Used alpha particles to study the atoms in gold foil

Question 10

Who created the Planetary Model?

Answer 10

Ernest Ruthorford

Question 11

Planetary model states…

Answer 11

= positive charge is concentrated in the nucleus
= the nucleus account for most of an atom’s mass

Question 12

Protons

Answer 12

positively charged particles in the nucleus

Question 13

Neutrons

Answer 13

electronically neutral particles in the nucleus

Question 14

Electrons

Answer 14

negatively charged, distributed around the nucleus

Question 15

Atomic number

Answer 15

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 16

Mass number

Answer 16

total number of protons and neutrons

Question 17

Isotopes of an element…

Answer 17

have the same atomic number but different mass numbers

Question 18

horizontal rows on periodic table

Answer 18

periods

Question 19

vertical columns on periodic table

Answer 19

groups/families

Question 20

metals

Answer 20

good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 21

nonmetals

Answer 21

poor conductors of heat or electricity

Question 22

metalloids

Answer 22

intermediate properties of metals and nonmetals

Question 23

molecule

Answer 23

combo of 2+ atoms w/ chemical bonds

Question 24

Diatomic molecules

Answer 24

contain two atoms

Question 25

polyatomic molecules

Answer 25

contain more than 2 atoms

Question 26

chemical formula

Answer 26

denotes the composition of a substance

Question 27

molecular formula

Answer 27

denotes the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 28

Binary molecular compounds nomenclature

Answer 28

name first element, change second ending to =ide = ex. hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide

Question 29

Acid

Answer 29

substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Question 30

Acid nomenclature

Answer 30

remove =gen from hydrogen, change =ide to =ic on second element

Question 31

empirical formula

Answer 31

the simplest ratio of elements in a compound

Question 32

Cation

Answer 32

loss of 1+ electron, have positive charge

Question 33

Anion

Answer 33

gain of 1+ electron, have negative charge

Question 34

monatomic ion

Answer 34

one atom with a positive or negative charge

Question 35

monatomic ion nomenclature

Answer 35

change ending to =ide

Question 36

Oxoanions

Answer 36

polyatomic anions that contain 1+ oxygen atoms and one atom of another element

Question 37

Oxoacids

Answer 37

acids that contain oxoanions

Question 38

when ion has one more O atom than the =ate ion...

Answer 38

its called the per...ate ion

Question 39

when ion has one less O atom than the =ate ion,

Answer 39

its called the =ite ion

Question 40

when ion has two less O atoms than the =ate ion

Answer 40

its called the hypo...ite ion

Question 41

acid based on the =ate ion is called

Answer 41

...ic acid

Question 42

acid based on the =ite ion is called

Answer 42

..ous acid