Chapter 2/ Skeletal System Flashcards
Skeletal system
Body’s framework, composed of bones and joints. Provides shape and focus for bodies. Produces blood for the body and stores minerals. Growth, maturation, and functionality of skeletal system are greatly affected by posture, physical activity, and nutrition.
Bones
Provide a nesting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs.
Joints
Junction of bones, muscles, and connective tissues at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation.
The skeletal system is divided into two divisions.
Axial skeleton & Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Portion of skeletal system that consists of skull, rib cage, and vertebral column. Think torso and head. 80 bones.
Appendicular skeleton
Portion of skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities. Arms, legs. Think appendage, appendicular, arms, legs. 126 bones.
• 206 bones in the skeletal system, 177 used in voluntary movement, more than 300 joints in the body.
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Bones serve two vital functions
Leverage and support
Remodeling
Process of resorption and formation of bone. Old bone is broken down and removed by osteoclasts, new bone is laid down by cells called osteoblasts. • remodeling follows lines of stress placed in the bone. Incorrect exercise and posture will lead to remodeling process that reinforces predominating bad posture.
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Osteoclasts remove bone tissue and osteoblasts help form new bone tissue.
5 major types of bones
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and seamoid bones.
Long bones
Long, cylindrical shaft and irregular or widened ends. Ex: humerus, femur
Short bones
Similar in length and width and appear somewhat cubical in shape. Ex: carpals of hand, tarsals of feet
Flat bones
Thin, protective. Ex: scapulae, patella
Irregular bones
Unique in shape and function. Ex: vertebrae
Sesamoid bones
Small often round bones embedded in a joint capsule or found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint. Ex: patella
Arthrokinematics
Joint motion. The three major motion types being roll, slide, and spin.
Synovial & non synovial joints
Synovial joints have a a joint cavity and ligaments while non synovial do not have a joint cavity or ligaments. Synovial joints produce synovial fluid that resembles egg whites and works much like engine oil.
Ligaments
Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement. Tiberius connective tissues, bone to bone, provide static and dynamic stability as well as input to nervous system (proprioception). Made up of collagen. Ligaments have poor vascularity, blood flow, this do not heal or repair well.
