Chapter 2 Stress Pyschophysiology

Question 1

psychological and sociological stressors are perceived by the ____ and translated by the ____ which then instructs the rest of the ____ to adjust to the stressor

Answer 1

psychological and sociological stressors are perceived by the MIND and translated by the BRAIN which then instructs the rest of the BODY to adjust to stressor.

Question 2

cerebral cortex (gray matter)

Answer 2

the upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions - language and development

Question 3

subcortex (which includes …)

Answer 3

the lower part of the brain responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive

the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons, diencephalon)

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

part of the subcortex responsible for coordination

Question 5

medulla oblongata

Answer 5

part of the subcortex responsible for the regulation of the heartbeat and breathing

Question 6

pons

Answer 6

part of the subcortex responsible for regulating sleep

Question 7

diencephalon

Answer 7

part of the subcortex responsible for regulation of the emotions

(includes the thalamus and hypothalamus)

Question 8

thalamus

Answer 8

part of the diencephalon that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

part of the diencephalon that activates the autonomic nervous system (and the endocrine system)

Question 10

autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

controls such body processes as hormone balance, temperature, and width of blood vessels

Question 11

limbic system (consists of …)

Answer 11

produces emotions; the seat of emotions
and behavioral expressions

thalamus and hypothalamus and diencephalon

Question 12

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 12

a network of nerves that connects the mind and the body

Question 13

endocrine system

Answer 13

comprised of hormones that regulate physiological functions

Question 14

corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

Answer 14

released by hypothalamus and results in the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 15

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 15

activates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticoid hormones

Question 16

thyrotropic hormone releasing factor (TRF)

Answer 16

released by hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete thyrotropic hormone

Question 17

thyrotropic hormone (TTH)

Answer 17

stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin

Question 18

oxytocin

Answer 18

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

Question 19

vasopressin (ADH)

Answer 19

a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

Question 20

hippocampus

Answer 20

the part of the brain that sounds the alarm that stress is present

Question 21

adrenal cortex

Answer 21

the part of the adrenal gland that secretes corticoids (outer layer of adrenal glands)

Question 22

glucocorticoids

Answer 22

regulates metabolism of glucose

Question 23

mineralocorticoids

Answer 23

regulate the balance between sodium and potassium

Question 24

cortisol

Answer 24

the primary glucocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood pressure

provides the fuel for battle (fight or flight)

Question 25

gluconeogenesis

Answer 25

the production of glucose from amino acids by the liver

Question 26

lymphocytes

Answer 26

destroy invading substances

Question 27

aldosterone

Answer 27

the primary mineralocorticoid secreted from the adrenal cortex that is responsible for an increase in blood pressure to transport food and oxygen to the active parts of our body - limbs and organs

Question 28

blood pressure is measured in...

Answer 28

systolic and diastolic. 120/80 systolic is blood pressure on the arterial walls when blood is pumped from heart diastolic is pressure of blood against walls of arteries when heart is relaxed

Question 29

adrenal medulla

Answer 29

the inter portion of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines

Question 30

epinephrine

Answer 30

a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla (adrenaline)

Question 31

norepinephrine

Answer 31

a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla (noradrenaline)

Question 32

thyroid gland

Answer 32

an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone thyroxin

Question 33

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for expending energy (ex increasing respiratory rate)

Question 34

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 34

part of the autonomic system responsible for conserving energy (ex decreasing respiratory rate)

Question 35

gastrointestinal (GI) system

Answer 35

the body system responsible for digestion saliva breaks food, passes down esophagus, into stomach where acid breaks it down, to small intestine, then large intestine and then poop

Question 36

saliva

Answer 36

substance in the mouth that starts to break down food

Question 37

esophagus

Answer 37

the food pipe

Question 38

hydrochloric acid

Answer 38

a substance found in the digestive system that helps break down food for digestion

Question 39

small intestine

Answer 39

part of the digestive system into which the esophagi empties

Question 40

large intestine

Answer 40

part of the digestive system that receives unusable food substances from small intestine

Question 41

anal opening

Answer 41

the exit point for unusable food substances

Question 42

bracing

Answer 42

unnecessary muscle tension

Question 43

skeletal muscles

Answer 43

muscles attached to bones

Question 44

smooth muscles

Answer 44

muscles that control the contraction of internal organs

Question 45

galvanic skin response (GSR)

Answer 45

the electrodermal response or the electrical conductance of the skin - major part of lie detector test