Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cognitive Neuroscience > Chapter 2 Structure & Function > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Structure & Function Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Myelin is produced by what kind of glial cell?

A

Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the neuronal membrane?

A

A bilayer of fatty lipid molecules that separates the cytoplasm from the extra cellular milieu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the resting membrane potential?

A

The voltage difference across the neuronal membrane in the resting state (difference in voltage inside and outside the neuron) which is usually -70mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does “neutrons are excitable mean”?

A

They can change the permeability of their membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neuronal membrane is more permeable to potassium or sodium ions?

A

K+ potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by electrical gradient?

A

When positive and negative charges are attracted to each other; in this case positive ions are attracted to a negatively charged space (inside the neuron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is meant by the concentration gradient?

A

The tendency for an ion to travel from a high concentration of the same ion into an area with a low concentration of that ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is electrochemical equilibrium?

A

When the force of the electrical gradient driving K+ in is equal to the force of the concentration gradient pushing K+ out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is decremental conduction?

A

Also called electrotronic conduction or a passive current; When a single EPSP enters a neuron and diminishes with distance from its synapse, it is not strong enough to trigger the firing of its own cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Hodgkin-Huxley Cycle?

A

The first part of an action potential; When the threshold is met, voltage gated sodium channels open and sodium flows rapidly into the neuron causing it to become further depolarised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does EPSP stand for?

A

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the necessary excitation threshold needed for an action potential?

A

-55mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens at a synapse?

A

Information is passed from the presynaptic neuron to the post synaptic neuron via neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes Ca+ channels to open?

A

An action potential travelling into the axon terminal and depolarising the terminal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is exocytosis in relation to the synapse?

A

When the neurotransmitter carrying vesicles travel through the membrane and release the transmitter into the synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why didn’t the grey matter want to take the white matter to the ball?

A

Because he wanted cell body to dance with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe a presynaptic neuron versus a post synaptic neuron

A

Presynaptic neuron passes information from an axon terminal to a post synaptic neuron at a dendritic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a voltage gated ion channel?

A

An ion channel that opens when the voltage of the surrounding membrane depolarises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which way is rostral or anterior when talking about the human brain?

A

Towards the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What way is dorsal or superior when talking about the human spine or animal brain?

A

Towards the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which way is ventral or inferior when talking about the human brain?

A

Towards the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which way is caudal or posterior when talking about the human spine or animal brain?

A

Towards the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define grey matter

A

Grey matter makes up the outer layer of the cerebral cortex which is folded like a handkerchief into gyri and sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The grey matter if the cerebral cortex is made up if what!

Study These Flashcards
A

Neuronal cell bodies

25
What is the name of the neurologist that mapped the brain into 52 different areas according to their cytoarchitectonic (histological) characteristics?
Korbinian Brodmann
26
Where is the frontal lobe?
The front part of the cerebral cortex
27
Where is the temporal lobe?
Under the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, near the temples at each side of the head
28
Where is the occipital lobe?
At the back of the brain, under the parietal lobe
29
Where is the parietal lobe?
The upper back section of the cerebral cortex
30
Where is the central sulcus?
The sulcus or chasm that divides the frontal and parietal lobes; posterior to the frontal and anterior to the parietal
31
Where is the sylvian fissure?
Between the frontal and temporal lobes; dorsal to the temporal and inferior to the frontal
32
Where is the superior frontal gyrus?
Superior (at the top) of the frontal lobe
33
Where is the middle frontal gyrus?
In the middle of the frontal lobe
34
Where is the inferior frontal gyrus?
Inferior (at the bottom) of the frontal lobe
35
Where is the pre-central gyrus?
Anterior to the central sulcus
36
Where is the post central gyrus?
Posterior to the central sulcus
37
Where is the supra marginal gyrus?
Superior (above) the sylvian fissure in the parietal lobe
38
Where is the angular gyrus?
Posterior (behind) the temporal lobe, anterior (in front) to the occipital lobe
39
Where is the lateral occipital gyri?
Towards the outside of the occipital lobe
40
What role does microglia play?
Devour and remove damaged cells
41
The somatosensory areas of the parietal lobe is where?
In the primary somatosensory cortex (s1) - Brodmanns areas 3, 1 and 2 And the secondary somatosensory cortex (s2)
42
The primary visual cortex is also known as what?
Striate cortex, v1 (visual area 1) and Brodmanns area 17
43
The primary visual cortex receives visual inputs from where?
From the outside world, through the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
44
Where is the primary visual cortex?
Occipital lobe
45
What is the extrastriate cortex and what does it process?
Literally means "outside the striate"; Includes areas B18 and 19, lying outside the striate cortex. Considered the secondary visual area that receives input from PVC.
46
Describe the 'what' pathway. Origin, destination and purpose
Ventral stream is a visual pathway that traverses the occipital and temporal lobes. Associated with object recognition and visual memory.
47
Describe the where pathway.
Dorsal stream is a processing pathway for visual stimuli specialized for spatial perception, and analyzing spatial configuration between objects.
48
Where is the auditory cortex?
The primary auditory cortex is located in the superior temporal lobe.
49
Higher mental processes occur where?
Higher mental processes occur in the prefrontal cortex.
50
What are the functions of the lambic system?
The limbic system (emotional brain) is the emotional network.
51
The basal ganglia is associated with what?
Motor control and learning.
52
The three main subdivisions if the basal ganglia are?
Striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), globus pallidus, | subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra.
53
Is the amygdala part of the basal ganglia?
No, it's part of the lambic system. But the amygdala is important for emotional memory.
54
What cognitive functions are the basal ganglia associated with?
Learning.
55
What role do the basal ganglia play in motor muscular activity?
Initiating movement
56
Where is the hippocampus and what does it do?
The hippocampus is a layered structure located in the medial temporal lobe. Involved in learning and memory, and is especially critical for the formation of long-term memory.
57
The brains diencephalon is composed of the thalamus and the hippocampus. True or false?
True The caudal (posterior) part of the forebrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle
58
Why is the thalamus known as the gateway cortex?
Everything passes through the thalamus and gets directed to higher brain regions.
59
Why is the hypothalamus known as the hypothalamus? What does it do?
Hypo refers to “Below”, it is below the thalamus. Important for the autonomic NS and endocrine system, pituitary gland, hunger, thirst, temperature. Secretes hormones.

Cognitive Neuroscience (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions