Chapter 2 Study Sections

Question 1

anabolism

Answer 1

Process of building up large proteins from small proteins called amino acids.

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

Process of when complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released

Question 3

Adipose tissue

Answer 3

Collection of fat cells

Question 4

Cartilage

Answer 4

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints

Question 5

Epithelial cells

Answer 5

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

Question 6

Histologist

Answer 6

Specialist in the study of tissues

Question 7

Larynx

Answer 7

Voice box

Question 8

Pharynx

Answer 8

Throat

Question 9

Pituitary gland

Answer 9

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Question 10

Thyroid gland

Answer 10

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Question 11

Trachea

Answer 11

Windpipe

Question 12

Ureter

Answer 12

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 13

Urethra

Answer 13

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 14

Uterus

Answer 14

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

Question 15

Viscera

Answer 15

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially the abdomen

Question 16

Abdominal cavity

Answer 16

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomacg, gallblader, and intestines

Question 17

Cranial cavity

Answer 17

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

Question 18

Diaphram

Answer 18

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Question 19

Dorsal (posterior)

Answer 19

Pertaining to the back

Question 20

Mediastinum

Answer 20

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

Question 21

Pelvic cavity

Answer 21

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

Question 22

Peritoneum

Answer 22

Double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Question 23

Pleura

Answer 23

Double folded membrane surrounding each lung

Question 24

Pleural cavity

Answer 24

Space between the pleural layers

Question 25

Spinal cavity

Answer 25

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord

Question 26

Thoracic cavity

Answer 26

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, brochial tubes, trachea, esophogus, and other organs

Question 27

Ventral (anterior)

Answer 27

Pertaining to the front page

Question 28

Hypochondriac

Answer 28

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

Question 29

Epigastric

Answer 29

Middle upper region above the stomach

Question 30

Lumbar

Answer 30

Right and left middle regions near the waist

Question 31

Umbilical

Answer 31

Central region near the navel

Question 32

Inguinal

Answer 32

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions

Question 33

Hypogastric

Answer 33

Middle lower region below the umbilical region

Question 34

Cervical

Answer 34

Neck region (C1 to C7)

Question 35

Thoracic

Answer 35

Chest region (T1 to T12)

Question 36

Lumbar

Answer 36

Waist (loin) region (L1 to L5)

Question 37

Sacral

Answer 37

Region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

Question 38

Coccygeal

Answer 38

Region of the coccyx (tailbone)

Question 39

Vertebra

Answer 39

Single backbone

Question 40

Vertebrae

Answer 40

Backbones

Question 41

Spinal column

Answer 41

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Question 42

Spinal cord

Answer 42

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Question 43

Disc

Answer 43

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Question 44

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 44

Front surface of the body

Question 45

Deep

Answer 45

Away from the surface

Question 46

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 46

Vertical plane diving the body of structure into anterior and posterior portions of

Question 47

Distal

Answer 47

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Question 48

Inferior

Answer 48

Below another structure; pertaining to the lower part of the body

Question 49

Lateral

Answer 49

Pertaining to the side

Question 50

Medial

Answer 50

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

Question 51

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 51

Back surface of the body

Question 52

Prone

Answer 52

Lying on the belly

Question 53

Proximal

Answer 53

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

Question 54

Sagittal (lateral) plane

Answer 54

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

Question 55

Superficial

Answer 55

On the surface

Question 56

Superior (cephalic)

Answer 56

Above another structure; pertaining to the head

Question 57

Supine

Answer 57

Lying on the back

Question 58

Transverse (axial) plane

Answer 58

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane diving the body into upper and lower portions