Chapter 2: Studying Human Sexuality

Question 1

transmits information and norms, rather than images about sexuality to a mass audience to both inform and entertain in a simplified manner

Answer 1

sex information/advice genre

Question 2

the observation of things as they exist in reality as opposed to our feelings or beliefs about them

Answer 2

objectivity

Question 3

evaluations based on moral or ethical standards rather than objective ones

Answer 3

value judgments

Question 4

an unsubstantiated belief or conclusion about what seems to be true according to our thoughts

Answer 4

opinion

Question 5

a personal learning or inclination that reflects a prejudice in favor of or against a person, group, or think in contrast to another

Answer 5

bias

Question 6

a set of simplistic, rigidly held, overgeneralized beliefs about a particular type of individual or group of people, an idea, and so on

Answer 6

stereotype

Question 7

a way in which we organize knowledge in our thought processes

Answer 7

schema

Question 8

an error in reasoning that affects our understanding of a subject

Answer 8

fallacy

Question 9

the mistaken belief that our own personal experience and values generally are held by others

Answer 9

egocentric fallacy

Question 10

also known as ethnocentrism, is the belief that our own ethnic group, nation, or culture is innately superior to others

Answer 10

ethnocentric fallacy

Question 11

reinforced by opinions, biases, and stereotypes about other groups and cultures

Answer 11

ethnocentrism

Question 12

the method by which a hypothesis is formed from impartially gathered data and tested empirically

Answer 12

scientific method

Question 13

drawing a general conclusion from specific facts

Answer 13

induction

Question 14

sex researches that use the same methodology as other social scientists, they are constrained by ethical concerns and taboos that those in many other fields do not experience

Answer 14

sexologists

Question 15

people are free to decide, without coercion, whether to participate in a research study

Answer 15

informed consent

Question 16

a sample collected in a unbiased way, with the selection of each member of the sample based solely on chance

Answer 16

random sample

Question 17

a sample with a small group representing the larger group in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and so on

Answer 17

representative sample

Question 18

samples that are not representative of the larger group

Answer 18

biased samples

Question 19

when someone has publicly identified themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual

Answer 19

come out

Question 20

the in-depth examination of an individual or group that goes to a psychiatrist, psychologist, or social worker for assistance with psychological or medical problems or disorders

Answer 20

clinical research

Question 21

unhealthy or diseased behavior

Answer 21

pathological behavior

Question 22

a method that uses questionnaires or interviews to gather information

Answer 22

survey research

Question 23

personal notes of one’s sexual activity

Answer 23

sexual diary

Question 24

a method by which a researcher unobtrusively observes and makes systematic notes about people’s behavior without trying to manipulate it

Answer 24

observational research

Question 25

the researcher participates in the behaviors he or she is studying

Answer 25

participant observation

Question 26

the systematic manipulation of individuals or the environment to learn the effects of such manipulation on behavior

Answer 26

experimental research

Question 27

aspects or factors that can be manipulated in experiments

Answer 27

variables

Question 28

factors that can be manipulated or changed by the experimenter

Answer 28

independent variables

Question 29

factors that are likely to be affected by changes in the independent variable

Answer 29

dependent variable

Question 30

studies that measure two or more naturally occurring variables to determine their relationship to each other

Answer 30

correlational studies

Question 31

devices attached to the genitals to measure physiological response

Answer 31

plethysmographs

Question 32

a device resembling a rubber band that fits around the penis

Answer 32

strain guage

Question 33

psychological disorders characterized by anxiety or tension

Answer 33

neuroses

Question 34

a psychological mechanism that kept people from becoming aware of hidden memories and motives because they aroused guilt

Answer 34

repression

Question 35

a psychological system that ascribes behavior to unconscious desires

Answer 35

psychoanalysis

Question 36

the first stage, lasting from birth to age 1, of Freud's five stages in psychosexual development. The infant's eroticism is focused on the mouth; thumb sucking produces an erotic pleasure

Answer 36

oral stage

Question 37

the second stage, between ages 1 and 3, of Freud's five stages in psychosexual development. Children's sexual activities continue to be autoerotic, but the region of pleasure shifts to the anus

Answer 37

anal stage

Question 38

the third stage, from ages 3 through 5, of Freud's five stages in psychosexual development. Children exhibit interest in the genitals

Answer 38

phallic stage

Question 39

the fourth stage, at age 6, of Freud's five stages in psychosexual development. Children's sexual impulses are no longer active

Answer 39

latency stage

Question 40

the last stage, at puberty, of Freud's five stages in psychosexual development. Children become interested in genital sexual activities, especially sexual intercourse

Answer 40

genital stage

Question 41

when the boy develops sexual desires for his mother, he simultaneously desires his mother and fears his father

Answer 41

Oedipal complex

Question 42

the boy's belief that his penis will be cut off by his father because of jealousy

Answer 42

castration anxiety

Question 43

a girls desire for her father while fearing her mother

Answer 43

Electra complex

Question 44

Upon discovering that she does not have a penis, a girl feels deprived

Answer 44

penis envy

Question 45

a movement that involves women and men working together for equality

Answer 45

feminism

Question 46

the development of social categories, such as masculinity, femininity, heterosexuality, and homosexuality, by society

Answer 46

social construction

Question 47

a group that is not being treated or experimented on

Answer 47

control group

Question 48

a person's ranking in society based on a combination of occupational, educational, and income levels

Answer 48

socioeconomic status

Question 49

the view that the attitudes, values, and behaviors of one ethnic group are similar to those of another ethnic group

Answer 49

cultural equivalency perspective

Question 50

a positive concept, celebrate, celebrating the values of courage, strength, generosity, politeness, and respect for others

Answer 50

machismo

Question 51

the process of adaptation of an ethnic group to the values, attitudes, and behaviors of the dominant culture

Answer 51

acculturation

Question 52

a commitment to family and family members

Answer 52

familismo