Chapter 3: Female Sexual Anatomy, Physiology, and Response

Question 1

the sexual and reproductive organs of both men and women

Answer 1

genitals

Question 2

the external female genitals that contain the mons pubis, the clitoris, the labia majora, and the labia minora

Answer 2

vulva

Question 3

a pad of fatty tissue that covers the area of the pubic bone about 6 inches below the navel

Answer 3

mons pubis (mons veneris)

Question 4

the center of sexual arousal

Answer 4

clitoris

Question 5

a high concentration of sensory nerve endings and is exquisitely sensitive to stimulation, especially at the tip of the shaft

Answer 5

glans clitoris

Question 6

a fold of skin that covers the glans when the clitoris is not engorged

Answer 6

clitoral hood

Question 7

scents that the body produces that can be sexually stimulating to others

Answer 7

pheromones

Question 8

tips of erectile tissue that attach to the pelvic bones

Answer 8

crura

Question 9

hollow chambers in the crura that fill with blood and swell during arousal

Answer 9

corpora cavernosa

Question 10

two folds of spongy flesh that extend from the mons pubis and run downward along the sides of the vulva

Answer 10

labia majora (outer lips)

Question 11

the smaller folds within the labia majora that meet above the clitoris to form the clitoral hood

Answer 11

labia minora (inner lips)

Question 12

the area enclosed by the labia minora

Answer 12

vestibule

Question 13

glands that secrete a small amount of moisture during sexual arousal

Answer 13

Bartholin’s glands

Question 14

a flexible, muscular structure that extends 3-5 inches back and upward from the vaginal opening in which menstrual flow and babies pass

Answer 14

vagina

Question 15

the area through which an infant is born, allows menstrual flow to pass from the uterus, and encompasses the penis or other object during sexual expression

Answer 15

birth canal

Question 16

the vaginal opening where majority of sensory nerve endings are concentrated

Answer 16

introitus

Question 17

a thin membrane containing a relatively large number of blood vessels partially covering the introitus

Answer 17

hymen

Question 18

located on the upper front wall of the vagina, an erotically sensitive area that may produce intense erotic pleasure and a fluid emission in some women

Answer 18

Gräfenberg spot (G-spot)

Question 19

a hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which a fertilized ovum implants and develops until birth

Answer 19

uterus (or womb)

Question 20

lower end of the uterus that extends down and opens to the vagina

Answer 20

cervix

Question 21

inner lining of the uterine wall to which the fertilized egg attaches; partly discharged (if pregnancy does not occur) with the menstrual flow

Answer 21

endometrium

Question 22

organ that produces gametes

Answer 22

ovary (gonad)

Question 23

opening to the cervix

Answer 23

Os

Question 24

the sex cells containing the genetic material necessary for reproduction; also referred to as oocytes, eggs, ova (singular, ovum)

Answer 24

gametes

Question 25

female gametes

Answer 25

oocytes

Question 26

the release of an oocyte

Answer 26

ovulation

Question 27

saclike structures that contain the immature oocytes

Answer 27

ovarian follicles

Question 28

tissue formed from a ruptured ovarian follicle that produces important hormones after the oocyte emerges

Answer 28

corpus luteum

Question 29

uterine tubes that transport the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus

Answer 29

fallopian tubes (oviducts)

Question 30

the funnel-shaped end of each fallopian tube

Answer 30

infundibulum

Question 31

finger like projections that drape over the ovary and help transport the oocyte from the ovary into the fallopian tube

Answer 31

fimbriae

Question 32

the tiny, hairlike structures that provide waving motion to help transport the oocyte within the fallopian tube to the ovary

Answer 32

cilia

Question 33

the tube through which urine passes

Answer 33

urethra

Question 34

the opening in the uterus, through which urine is expelled

Answer 34

urethral opening

Question 35

the opening of the rectum, through which excrement passes

Answer 35

anus

Question 36

a diamond-shaped region between the vagina and the anus

Answer 36

perineum

Question 37

the underside of the pelvic area extending from the top of the pubic bone (above the clitoris) to the anus

Answer 37

pelvic floor

Question 38

milk prduction

Answer 38

lactation

Question 39

a mature female breast that is composed of fatty tissue and 15-25 lobed that radiate around a central protruding nipple

Answer 39

mammary gland

Question 40

a ring of darkened skin around the nipple

Answer 40

areola

Question 41

small glands within the lobes that begin to produce milk

Answer 41

alveoli

Question 42

widened part of the fallopian tube in which fertilization normally occurs

Answer 42

ampulla

Question 43

chemical substances that serve as messengers, traveling within the body through the bloodstream

Answer 43

hormones

Question 44

sex drive or interest

Answer 44

libido

Question 45

hormones that act directly on the gonads

Answer 45

gonadotropins

Question 46

promotes maturation of gonads, regulates menstrual cycle

Answer 46

gonatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 47

assists in production of estrogen and progesterone, regulates maturation of ovarian follicles, triggers ovulation

Answer 47

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 48

regulated ovarian function and maturation of ovarian follicles

Answer 48

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 49

affect the maturation of the reproductive organs, menstruation, and pregnancy

Answer 49

estrogen

Question 50

helps maintain the uterine lining until menstruation occurs

Answer 50

progesterone

Question 51

the production of oocytes; the ovarian cycle

Answer 51

oogenises

Question 52

the more-or-less monthly process during which oocytes are produced

Answer 52

ovarian cycle

Question 53

the menstrual flow that generally occurs over a period of 3-5 days

Answer 53

menses

Question 54

a girls first menstruation

Answer 54

menarche

Question 55

a girls first menstruation

Answer 55

menarche

Question 56

the phase lasting about 9 days when the endometrium thickens in response to increased estrogen

Answer 56

proliferative phase

Question 57

the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the endometrium begins to prepare for the arrival of a fertilized ovum; without fertilization, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate

Answer 57

secretory phase

Question 58

simultaneous menstrual cycles that occur among women who work or live together

Answer 58

menstrual synchrony

Question 59

a more persistent, aching, and serious pain sufficient to limit a woman's activities

Answer 59

dysmenorrhea

Question 60

a diagnosis that includes severe, distinct, and persistent symptoms associated with menstruation

Answer 60

pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 61

when women do not menstruate for reasons other than aging

Answer 61

amenorrhea

Question 62

when women do not menstruate for reasons other than aging

Answer 62

amenorrhea

Question 63

a bacterial infection that can occur in menstruating women and cause her to go into shock

Answer 63

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Question 64

the climax of sexual sensation that involves rhythmic contractions in the genital area and intensely pleasurable sensations

Answer 64

orgasm

Question 65

the sequence of changes and patterns that take place in the body during sexual arousal

Answer 65

sexual response cycle

Question 66

model of sexual response that identifies the significant stages of response as excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Answer 66

Masters and Johnson's four-phase model sexual response

Question 67

model of sexual response that consists of desire, excitement, and orgasm phases

Answer 67

Kaplan's tri-phasic model of sexual response

Question 68

sexual response model which incorporates both the biological and affective components into a six-stage cycle

Answer 68

Loulan's sexual response model

Question 69

the swelling of the genital tissues with blood in both men and women

Answer 69

vasocongestion

Question 70

increased muscle tension accompanying the approach of an orgasm

Answer 70

myotonia

Question 71

increased muscle tension accompanying the approach of an orgasm

Answer 71

myotonia

Question 72

provides a theoretical perspective of sexual response that is based on brain function and the interaction between sexual excitation (responding with arousal to sexual stimuli) and sexual inhibition (inhibiting sexual arousal)

Answer 72

dual control model

Question 73

those structures of the brain that are associated with emotions and feelings and involved in sexual arousal

Answer 73

limbic system

Question 74

certain areas of the skin that are highly sensitive to touch

Answer 74

erogenous zones

Question 75

a hormone more commonly associated with contractions during labor and with breastfeeding

Answer 75

oxytocin

Question 76

a steroid hormone associated with sperm production, the development of secondary sex characteristics in males, and the sex drive in both males and females

Answer 76

testosterone

Question 77

a hormone more commonly associated with contractions during labor and with breastfeeding

Answer 77

oxytocin

Question 78

the process of one of the first signs of sexual excitement in women is the seeping of moisture through the vaginal walls

Answer 78

sweating (vaginal transudation)

Question 79

the expansion of the inner two thirds of the vagina during sexual arousal

Answer 79

tenting

Question 80

a darkening of the skin or rash that temporarily appears as a result of blood rushing to the skin's surface during sexual excitement

Answer 80

sex flush

Question 81

the thickening of the walls that occurs in the plateau stage of the sexual response cycle

Answer 81

orgasmic platform

Question 82

a peak sensation of intense pleasure that creates an altered state of consciousness and is accompanied by involuntary, rhythmic uterine and anal contractions, myotonia, and a state of well-being and contentment

Answer 82

orgasm